碳敏感性需求下考虑投资与补贴的选址-路径-库存联合优化问题研究

Low carbon supply chain has become an important problem to be resolved immediately in the process of development in China. Taking into account the negative influence effect of mandatory emissions reduction on enterprise development, this project studies the low carbon supply chain from the perspective of voluntarily emission reduction. The main objects of enterprise are government and consumers in supply and demand side. Therefore, the low carbon subsidy from government and carbon sensitive demand from consumers are important emissions reduction power. Based on the above, this project deals with three echelon supply chain system with multiple manufactures, multiple distribution centers, and multiple retailers, and takes the location-routing-inventory integrated optimization, which play a decisive role, as the research object. First, from the point view of carbon sensitive demand in demand side, the research will construct a dynamic model with carbon emissions and products demand in location-routing-inventory system, and study decisions which make the enterprises earnings maximizing. Second, from the point of view of low carbon subsidy in supply side, this research will study the enterprise decision scheme in the effect of government low carbon subsidy and enterprise emissions reduction investment. On this basis, from the perspective of the combination two sides, this research will study the location-routing-inventory model considering investment and subsidy under carbon sensitive demand. What’s more, the hybrid heuristic algorithm, game theory and other method will be used to solve and analyze the models. Furthermore, the research will also compare theoretical results with numerical analysis. The result of this research is significant to improving the emissions reduction of supply chain in theory and practice.

供应链低碳化已经成为我国发展过程亟待解决的课题。考虑到强制碳减排对企业发展的制约性，本项目从主动减排视角进行低碳供应链研究。政府和消费者是企业在供给侧和需求侧面对的主要对象，故政府低碳补贴和消费者碳敏感性需求是重要的减排动力。基于此，本项目针对多制造商、多配送中心、多零售商的三层供应链系统，以对碳排放起决定作用的选址-路径-库存联合优化问题为研究对象，首先，从需求侧碳敏感性需求角度，构建选址-路径-库存系统中碳排放量与产品需求量间的动态模型，研究企业收益最大化决策；同时，从供给侧低碳补贴角度，研究政府补贴和企业减排投资共同影响下企业的决策方案；在此基础上，从供需两侧角度，研究碳敏感性需求下考虑投资与补贴的选址-路径-库存模型。并通过混合启发式算法、博弈论等方法对模型进行求解分析；最后结合数值算例，验证和完善理论模型。本项目研究成果对供应链减排水平的提升具有重要的理论和实践意义。

随着全球气候形势的日趋严峻，供应链低碳化已成为世界各国面临的重要议题和必然抉择。碳税、碳交易等政策的陆续出台为我国的低碳化可持续发展提供了强大的政策保障，同时，随着消费者环保意识的增强，碳敏感度需求也成为供应链低碳化的重要推力。然而，很少有研究同时考虑供需两侧驱动下的供应链减排决策，也较少涉及投资与补贴同时存在时的供应链决策研究。本项目以供应链低碳化运作优化问题为出发点，围绕以下问题展开研究：(1) 建立了碳敏感度需求下考虑投资与补贴的供应链运营优化模型，研究了需求侧消费者环保偏好推动下考虑投资与补贴的供应链选址-路径-库存模型、考虑横纵合作的供应链运营优化模型、考虑供需两侧推动的供应链减排投资模型；(2)在此基础上，为更贴近实际问题，提出了上述模型在汽车产业中的具体应用，建立了双积分政策下考虑供需两侧驱动的汽车企业制造决策优化模型和考虑消费者偏好的二级汽车供应链生产与定价问题模型，并结合当今的现实问题，提出了疫情冲击下考虑产业政策对汽车制造商生产决策模型；(3) 分析了不同情景下投资、补贴以及需求侧推动因素对减排效果、供应链利润等的影响，并给出了政府视角下、供应链视角下以及企业视角下的决策方案和科学支撑。最后结合调研等获取的数据，提出了详细的仿真实验，其结果显示了所提方法的有效性和可行性。