基于中空/涡旋光场照明的高频增强超分辨成像技术研究

The beams having hollow intensities are benefit for the light sources of imaging systems with superior feature due to the dark field illuminations. In this project, phase filtering techniques and dislocation gratings are used for generating hollow and vortex beams, which are utilized for super-resolution imaging with the high frequency components enhancement. The hollow and vortex beams are selected as the illumination light of the imaging systems. Three novel multi-image phase retrieval approaches are employed for coherent diffraction imaging with some recorded images at the axial and horizontal directions of optical system. The effect on imaging resolution from the characteristic of hollow and vortex beam and improvement in the high frequency area are analyzed. The polarization behaviors of light are introduced for measuring multi-dimensional data and reconstructing accurately the super-resolution image. We explore systematically the novel features of the coherent super-resolution imaging with the combination of the hollow/vortex beam illuminations and the multiple image phase retrieval algorithms. The expected achievements can provide new techniques for precise measurements and representation of surface micro-structures. It can also contribute novel principles and techniques for the light filed measurments and modulations on the phases, amplitudes and polarizations.

中空光束(如中空高斯光束和涡旋光束)用于成像系统光源将具有暗场照明的优越特性。本项目拟利用相位滤波技术和位错光栅调制生成中空光束和涡旋光束，将其用于高频增强的超分辨成像技术。采用中空光束和涡旋光作为成像系统的照明光源，利用三种新型多图像相位恢复技术进行光学系统轴向和横向多强度图像的采集；分析中空光束和涡旋光的特征参数对成像分辨率影响和高频区域信噪比；结合光的偏振特性进行多维数据测量和超分辨图像的精确重构。项目将中空/涡旋光束的暗场照明方式与多图像相位恢复算法相结合，深入探索特殊非均匀光束照明下相干超分辨成像的新奇特性。本项目的预期研究成果将对表面微结构精密测量与表征方面提供新技术。同时在光场相位、振幅和偏振等测量与调控应用方面将有推动和促进作用，为该领域发展贡献新原理和新方法。

强度中空的光束（如中空高斯光束和涡旋光束）用于成像系统光源将具有暗场照明的优越成像特性。本项目采用中空光束和涡旋光作为成像系统的照明光源，研究了多种基于多图像相位恢复的超分辨衍射成像方法，针对标准样品和生物标本等进行成像性能测试。项目取得了如下创新性成果：（1）提出了多平面相位恢复算法实现无透镜计算显微成像技术，具备大视场、高空间分辨率、无标记成像等特点。(2) 提出基于一维扫描的叠层扫描成像技术，实现降维测量和并行计算成像，具有快速测量、快速数值反演、高质量图像重建的优点。(3) 提出基于双平面位相恢复的无透镜显微成像技术，重建结果具有高抗噪能力、快速迭代收敛、高对比度等优势。(4) 提出基于Kramers-Kronig关系的快速定量相位成像技术，重建过程具有非迭代、与对象无关的特性，是一种高效相位恢复框架，在生物医学和动态观察中具有非常可观的应用潜力。(5) 提出基于一维傅里叶光谱镜面运算的结构照明成像技术，该技术具有无光栅旋转、抗噪性强、成像速度快等特点。本项目的研究成果将对表面微结构精密测量与表征方面提供新技术。同时在光场相位、振幅和偏振等测量与调控应用方面具有推动和促进作用，为该领域发展贡献新的原理和方法。