基于利益主体契约选择与关系视角的生猪产销纵向协作整合治理研究

A resolution to improve the efficiency of vertical coordination in the process of pig production and marketing, as well as to tighten the loose relationship and to eliminate defaults between peasants and corporations also intermediary, is the introduction of contract selecting of stakeholders and relationship integration to the study of the vertical coordination administration in the process of pig production and marketing, based on the study of effectness of vertical cooperation pattern and its boundaries. According to the theory of imperfect contract and trading cost, we conclude the effectness and boundaries for classical vertical coordination pattern through property rights and the number of dimensions of the game. Identify the contract preference and key factors for vertical cooperation in the process of pig production and marketing with fuzzy clustering method and ordered choice model. Devising integrating pattern of vertical cooperation by using structural equation model, we discuss the integrating mechanism and factors for vertical coordination in the pig production and marketing. With all that have been done, explore optimal condition and integrated administration framework of vertical coordination in the process of pig production and marketing considering the administration of contract and relation. Then we can promote the effectness of vertical coordination in the process of pig production and marketing, providing proof theoretically and empirically.

以纵向协作模式的效率与适用边界研究为基础，将协作主体契约选择与关系整合引入生猪产销环节纵向协作的治理研究，探索解决生猪产销环节纵向协作的有效性与农户及企业、中介组织之间协作关系松散与违约等关键问题。基于不完全契约、关系契约及交易成本理论，从产权、博弈次数维度比较生猪产销环节典型契约及其对应纵向协作模式的效率与适用边界；运用模糊聚类及有序选择模型，识别生猪产销环节纵向协作主体的契约选择偏好及决定因素；运用结构方程原理，设计生猪产销纵向协作关系整合模型，探析影响生猪产销环节利益相关主体纵向协作关系整合的机理与因素。在此基础上，从契约治理、关系治理角度，围绕促进生猪产销纵向协作中有效契约的选择与稳定协作关系的形成，探索生猪产销纵向协作整合治理构架和实现条件，为提高生猪产销环节纵向协作的有效性，提供理论依据和实证支持。

本项目将协作主体契约选择与关系整合引入生猪产销纵向协作的治理，探索解决生猪产销环节纵向协作的有效性与农户及企业、组织之间协作关系松散与违约等关键问题。运用关系契约和交易成本理论，基于规模生猪养殖户（场）的实地调查数据，构建选择模型实证分析生猪产销环节纵向协作主体的契约模式选择偏好及决定因素；设计生猪产销纵向协作关系整合结构方程模型，探析生猪产销环节利益相关主体纵向协作关系治理机理及交易绩效；从契约选择与关系治理角度提出生猪产销纵向协作治理策略和政策建议。. 研究结果表明：（1）我国生猪产销环节纵向协作模式的发展可分为计划经济、计划经济为主、有计划的市场经济和宏观调控下的全面市场经济四阶段，从政府主导的层级协作模式向多样化纵向协作模式并存变迁，未来将以合同、准纵向一体化模式为主，生猪产销环节纵向协作紧密程度越来越高。（2）在产销环节愿意选择参与紧密纵向协作契约安排的养殖户占63.37%；生猪养殖户户主受教育程度越高、风险偏好越低、养殖规模越大、近年收购价格越不满意、获得资金越难，在产销环节紧密纵向协作的意愿就越高。（3）生猪养殖户和收购商可通过完善沟通，提高双方协作满意度，进而促进双方的长期协作。是否长期协作并不取决于双方是否信任，双方协作的满意度和市场环境是重要影响因子。（4）协作双方可通过适应性、相互依赖和沟通等关系治理变量的调整，优化双方信任和关系承诺水平，实现交易绩效的提升。大多数协作双方沟通良好并实现互惠互利，但未完全形成对称性的相互依赖关系和有效的“适应性”机制。（5）相关部门应通过强化培训，提升养殖户产业协作与组织化发展意识；持续优化政策措施，重点支持生猪养殖适度规模经营，扶持和引导构建生猪产销纵向协作体系；生猪产销纵向协作双方应主动沟通和互适，优化双方信任和关系承诺水平，平衡现有依赖关系结构；同时，应推动生猪行业风险应急和防控机制建设，为生猪产销纵向协作提供良好市场环境。