面向航空发动机状态监测与故障诊断的高温动态光纤传感机理及关键技术研究

Aeroengine condition monitoring and fault diagnosis are of great value to ensure flight safety. The dynamic sensing of temperature and pressure in high temperature environments is the key technology to realize engine condition monitoring. In view of this great demand, a high temperature dynamic optical fiber sensing technology based on sapphire fiber grating and sapphire fiber micro-cavity interferometer is proposed in this project. The research contents include: fabrication technology and sensing mechanism for sapphire fiber grating temperature sensor; fabrication technology and sensing mechanism for sapphire fiber micro-cavity interferometer pressure sensor; high-temperature-resist integrated packaging technology for sapphire fiber sensors; high-precision fast wavelength demodulation for sapphire fiber sensor; comprehensive testing and field testing for sapphire fiber sensors. Moreover, sapphire fiber optic sensor prototype, demodulator prototype, and supporting software will be developed in this project. The goal is to achieve the simultaneous in-situ measurement of dynamic temperature and pressure at 1800 degree. The temperature range is – 50 ~ 1800 degree, the temperature response time is less than 10 ms, the pressure range is 0 ~ 4 MPa, and the pressure frequency response range is 0 ~ 200 Hz. This project provides a new mechanism, new method, and new technology of high temperature dynamic sensing, which is conducive to the research and development of aeroengine condition monitoring and fault diagnosis in China.

航空发动机的状态监测和故障诊断对保障飞行安全具有重要价值。其中，温度和压力的高温动态传感是实现发动机状态监测的关键核心技术。针对这一国家重大需求，本项目提出一种基于蓝宝石光纤光栅和蓝宝石光纤微腔干涉仪的高温动态光纤传感技术，研究内容包括：蓝宝石光纤光栅温度传感器的制备工艺与传感机理；蓝宝石光纤微腔干涉仪压力传感器的制备工艺与传感机理；蓝宝石光纤传感器的耐高温一体化封装技术；蓝宝石光纤传感器的高精度快速波长解调技术；蓝宝石光纤传感器的综合测试及现场试验。本项目拟研制蓝宝石光纤传感器样品、解调仪样机及配套软件，目标实现1800℃高温下动态温度和动态压力的同时原位测量，测温范围-50～1800℃、温度响应时间≤10 ms、测压范围0～4 MPa、压力频响范围0～200 Hz。本项目提供了一种高温动态传感的新机理、新方法和新技术，有助于我国航空发动机状态监测和故障诊断相关领域的研究与发展。

本项目研究面向航空发动机状态监测和故障诊断的高温动态光纤传感机理及关键技术，拟采用超快激光制备的蓝宝石光纤光栅和蓝宝石光纤微腔干涉仪分别作为温度传感器和压力传感器，来实现高温（1800℃）环境下的温度和压力动态测量。项目的研究内容包括：（1）蓝宝石光纤光栅温度传感器的制备工艺与传感机理；（2）蓝宝石光纤微腔干涉仪压力传感器的制备工艺与传感机理；（3）蓝宝石光纤传感器的耐高温一体化封装技术；（4）蓝宝石光纤传感器的高精度快速波长解调技术；（5）蓝宝石光纤传感器的综合测试及现场试验。成功研制耐高温一体化封装的蓝宝石光纤传感器样品、信号解调系统样机，实现高温（1800℃）环境下温度和压力的同时动态测量，实现：传感器封装尺寸≤Φ 0.8 mm×20 mm (L)；温度传感器，测温范围0～1800℃，测温精度≤±0.2% FS，温度响应时间≤10 ms；压力传感器，工作温度范围0～1800℃，测压范围0～100 MPa，测压精度≤±0.5% FS，频响范围0～300 Hz申请中国发明专利8项，获得2项专利授权。