BIM情境下建设项目契约治理的内在机制及结构优化研究

The contractual governance of construction project with BIM application is an emerging research theme under the radically transforming circumstance for the AEC industry. Based on the theories and methodologies of project governance, system science, agent-based simulation, etc, and according to the analytic route of "macrostructure influences micro activities - micro activities interacts with each other - macro functions emerges", this research aims to explore the internal mechanism and structure optimization for the contractual governance of construction projects with BIM application. Firstly, this research defines and depicts the BIM circumstances (i.e., the project circumstances with BIM application), and constructs the analyzing framework for the project contractual governance system with BIM application. Secondly, through analyzing the agents' acting rules under different project contractual governance structures and depicting the rationale how the interactions of agents' activities induce the project performance, the research reveals the internal mechanism of how the contractual governance structure influences the general performance of a construction project with BIM application. Thirdly, the research constructs the simulation model and executes related simulations; based on these simulations, the research reveals the sensitivity of the project performance indicators to the contractual governance structures, and depicts how the project delivery systems and contractual incentive systems couple with each other; based on all of these simulations and analyses, the research unveils how the contractual governance structure influences the project performance from the macro perspective. Finally, the research analyses the status quo of contractual governance structures of projects with BIM application in Chinese AEC industry and explores related optimization routes. Conducting its analyses from the combined perspective of micro and macro levels, this research could not only contribute to further revealing the contractual governance mechanism of construction projects with BIM application, but also provide new perspective and method to related research on the area of project governance.

BIM情境下的建设项目契约治理，是建筑业重大变革背景下的一个新命题。课题基于项目治理、系统科学及基于主体的仿真等理论和方法，遵循"整体结构影响微观行为-微观行为交互作用-整体功能涌现"的解析思路，研究BIM情境下建设项目契约治理的内在机制及结构优化。包括：1）界定刻画BIM情境，构建该情境下的契约治理系统框架；2）分析各契约治理结构下的主体行为规则，以及主体行为及其交互形成项目绩效的机理，揭示BIM情境下项目契约治理结构影响项目绩效的内在机制；3）构建治理仿真模型，分析不同情境下，项目绩效对契约治理结构的敏感性，以及各交易方式与契约激励形式的耦合作用，揭示契约治理结构对项目绩效的整体影响；4）分析我国BIM情境下建设项目契约治理现状，研究治理结构优化路径。课题研究基于微观与宏观相结合的视角，有助于深化对BIM情境下建设项目契约治理机制的认识，亦可为项目治理领域相关研究提供新的思路和方法。

长期以来，建设项目生产过程及组织的信息割裂严重，建筑行业生产效率低下，基于BIM技术构建新的建设项目生产范式已成为建筑业变革的主流趋势，探索BIM情境下的建设项目契约治理，已成为建筑业重大变革背景下的一个新命题。课题主要基于项目治理、系统科学及基于主体的仿真等理论和方法，遵循“整体结构影响微观行为-微观行为交互作用-整体功能涌现”的解析思路，研究BIM情境下建设项目契约治理的内在机制及结构优化。主要研究工作包括：1）基于对我国大陆地区BIM应用项目的问卷调查研究（N=106），从项目BIM应用领域及项目参与方的BIM应用角色等维度刻画了我国建设项目BIM情境的现状，识别了BIM情境下建设项目契约治理系统的关键要素；2）基于对我国大陆地区BIM应用项目的问卷调查研究（设计方样本N=136、施工总包方样本=115）及案例研究（N=3），构建并验证了项目BIM应用程度、项目协调机制、项目激励机制、基于BIM的跨组织协同能力（包括信息共享能力及协同决策能力）、项目参与方绩效之间关系的理论模型，探索了BIM情境及契约治理结构对项目参与方行为能力及行为方式的影响，揭示了BIM情境下项目契约治理结构影响项目绩效的内在机制；3）基于实证研究成果，在Microsoft Visual C++环境下构建了BIM情境下建设项目契约治理结构仿真模型，分析了BIM情境以及项目活动互依性、项目活动不确定性等项目特征对契约治理结构在减少设计变更、抑制施工决策道德风险、提升项目活动整体价值等方面绩效的影响，探索了项目交易模式、契约激励强度、监督强度等契约治理要素之间的交互效应，并基于仿真研究成果对我国BIM情境下建设项目契约治理结构的设计的优化提出了建议。课题研究基于微观与宏观相结合的视角，有助于深化对BIM情境下建设项目契约治理机制的认识，亦可为项目治理领域相关研究提供新的思路和方法。