基于BIM技术的工程项目组织与流程情境仿真与优化

BIM is recognized as the key technical solution to the issues of fregmentation and low efficiency that long plague the construction projects. This study aims at exploring the causes of the difficulties hindering BIM imlementation and the realization of BIM benefits in the construction projects in China. Through the theoretical lense of structure-techology co-evolution, the study investigates key attributs of BIM applications and the mechanisms through which BIM benefits are transferred into project performancem and identifies the key factors of BIM applications that influence the nature and attributes of project tasks as well as cooresponding costs. It conducts empirical case studies using the projects in Shanghai that implement BIM to analyze the contextual factors and internal conditions affecting BIM implementation and the realization of BIM benefits. By doing so it reveals the interaction between the contextual factors and the key dimensions of project organizations and processes. Based on these results, the study fourmulats hypotheses and mechanisms describing the ways in which the critical factors of project organizations, processes, and institutional contexts affect the realization of BIM benefits and its associated costs. Finally, the study conducts simulation experiment with multiple computational project models under different contextual and organizational conditions to validate the hypotheses and to optimize the design of project organization and processes. This study borrows insights from the existant literature and case studies of BIM best practices and delves into the production modes of Chinese construction projects to propose the key factors and mechanisms of the organization and processes that support BIM implementation in China. It reveals the mechanisms through which the contextual conditions affecting BIM applications and vise versa. The study contributes to practice by providing cost-benefits analysis of BIM applications and suggesting the paths of realizing the desired BIM benefits. It advances the theory of explianing how technology and organization and processes interact in temparoal organizational form, construction projects.

以BIM技术为代表的信息科技被视为革新的关键技术，可解决目前工程项目生产模式信息割裂、效率低下等问题。本课题针对我国体制情境下BIM应用所面临的工程项目组织和流程创新与优化以及相应的成本效益问题展开系统性的探索，采用组织结构-信息技术共演化视角，探究BIM应用效益与项目绩效之间的关系及其影响机制；辨识BIM应用对项目工作任务本质及属性的关键影响及相对应的成本；分析中国BIM应用关键情境条件，揭示组织流程情境依赖元素和互动规律，从而发展出不同情境下BIM应用的项目组织与流程设计理论框架；结合上海BIM应用项目进行实证研究，通过基于主体的仿真研究方法验证此理论框架并发展优化组织流程的方案。本课题在BIM应用的国内外实践案例基础上，深入我国工程管理实践，揭示在既有条件、体制及分工下实现BIM效益的关键因素、机制以及成本效益，从而提出项目组织流程变革及优化的路径，推动工程项目信息化国际前沿发展。

以BIM技术为代表的信息科技被视为革新的关键技术，可解决目前工程项目生产模式信息割裂、效率低下等问题。本课题针对我国体制情境下BIM应用所面临的工程项目组织和流程创新与优化以及相应的成本效益问题展开系统性的探索，（1）识别出的BIM应用三个关键项目绩效指标：设计变更数目，返工数目，施工图设计和审核周期。（2）识别出双循环学习能够建立协作双赢关系、重新塑造个人认知框架，进而实施冲突管理，从而完成个体行为向协作共赢的转变，为基于BIM的组织协同合作模式奠定关键理论基础。（3）以设计流程管理为例，探索BIM与决策仿真系统的整合契机，透过BIM应用下的协同设计及决策的仿真实验，评估设计方案的性能，进行迭代的动态设计。（4）基于结构性社会资本视角，识别出基于项目的企业间关系网络为设计和施工组织提供了进行知识学习，信息获取和能力信号传递的重要渠道。（5）利用项目的随机行为者模型和纵向数据集的方法，研究探讨基于项目的建筑行业承包商和分包商之间协作关系的网络如何演变，以及相关的微观机制如何共同支撑这种演变。（6）构建了建设工程项目BIM应用成效测度模型，并对构建的理论模型进行实证研究，定量识别了价值的影响因素。（7）聚焦于建设项目运营过程中，BIM的技术研发与整体规划，并以轨道交通项目作为典型的运营案例，识别BIM在项目全寿命期的技术路线、组织方式和总体规划。本课题在BIM应用的国内外实践案例基础上，深入我国工程管理实践，揭示在既有条件、体制及分工下实现BIM效益的关键因素、机制以及成本效益，从而提出项目组织流程变革及优化的路径，推动工程项目信息化国际前沿发展。