研发团队的道德型领导、主动性人格与知识分享的多层次研究:基于社会困境的视角

Knowledge is identified as the invisible capital of organizations, the member’s knowledge sharing determines the group effectiveness of R&D team or even the survive of organization. From social dilemma theory, this project focuses on the effect group ethical leadership and individual’s proactive personality on knowledge sharing as well as their mechanism in R&D team. This project includes two sub-studies, study 1 examines the casual effects and interaction effect of ethical leadership and proactive personality on employee’s knowledge sharing. Study 2 adopts multilevel, multisource, and longitudinal questionnaires to examine the mechanism ethical leadership and proactive personality on group and individual knowledge sharing. We argue that ethical leadership influences the group and individual knowledge sharing through constructing and maintaining reciprocity climate and trust climate, proactive personality promotes employees to share through increasing their cooperation orientation and decreasing their competition orientation. This project extends the research of knowledge sharing from social dilemma perspective and promotes the knowledge management in R&D team.

知识是提升组织竞争优势的隐形资产，团队成员的知识分享决定了研发团队的效能甚至是组织的生存。本项目基于社会困境理论，研究了团队的道德型领导和个体的主动性人格对研发团队中知识分享的社会困境的作用及其机制。本项目包含2个子研究，研究1采用3个实验室实验来验证了道德型领导与主动性人格对个体知识分享的因果效应以及交互效应。研究2采用多层次、多元和纵向研究设计的问卷法来验证道德型领导和主动性人格对个体及团队知识分享的作用机制。本研究假设道德型领导在团队层次塑造和维持互惠氛围和互信氛围来提升团队和个体的知识分享，主动性人格通过提高个体的合作导向、降低个体的竞争导向，使个体更多采用知识分享。本研究从社会困境理论出发拓展了知识分享的研究领域，在实践上提出了提升研发团队知识分享的对策建议。

道德型领导力是近年来重要的领导方式，本项目基于社会困境理论，研究了团队的道德型领导和个体的主动性人格对研发团队中知识分享的作用及其机制。在研究过程中，本项目着重研究了道德型领导以及主动性人格对员工知识分享、角色外绩效、主观幸福感、创造力、人际信任等影响机制。我们发现道德型领导对员工的知识分享（团队内和团队间知识分享）、角色外绩效、工作满意度、家庭满意度、生活满意度、创造力等都有显著影响。主动性人格对员工的信任、主动行为、生活满意度等都有显著影响。. 本项目开展了大量的实证研究，充分验证了中国情境下道德型领导力对员工的知识分享、工作绩效、角色外绩效、主观幸福感等的解释有效性，基于社会困境理论、社会交换理论、社会学习理论等多理论视角探索了道德型领导与这些结果变量的作用机制，为充分理解道德型领导力的作用机制提供了中国证据与机制。