近代上海市政公共建筑的型制、谱系及保护更新策略研究

Focusing on public civic architecture in modern Shanghai as a research object, the project attempts to examine its genealogical and typological development based on an architectural analysis. Within a multi-disciplinary research framework, the development of public civic architecture in modern Shanghai will be regarded as a system of knowledge. From a perspective of urban anthropology concerning everyday life and cultural transformation, the project will carry out an in-depth study of such a knowledge system by engaging research methods as anthropology theoretical analysis and fieldwork. The research will stress the collection and organization of oral historical materials and objects, the combination of on-site investigation and literature analysis, the reading of archival and iconographical materials. The project will investigate the development of public civic architecture and its relations with the improvement of urban functions and the expansion of urban public space in modern Shanghai and scrutinize civic bodies, everyday behavior in this newly-emerged public civic architectural space as well as its expression of political ideologies and new space-time ideas. The project will further demonstrate that with its part in the formation of Shanghai’s urban space, culture and institutions, public civic architecture is a witness of Shanghai’s unique modernity in its modernization process. Meanwhile, through case studies on the contemporary programmatic transformation and renovation of certain well-preserved public civic architecture, the project will explore the conservation and regeneration strategy of these historical buildings, which will play an active role in continuing urban collective memory as well as in shaping and activating a distinct local culture.

本课题以近代上海市政公共建筑为研究对象，在进行建筑学分析的基础上，研究上海近代市政公共建筑的谱系、型制及发展。将上海近代市政公共建筑视作一套知识体系，置于跨学科的研究框架下，以都市人类学关注日常生活和文化变迁的视角，坚持人类学理论分析和田野调查的研究方法，注重口述史料和物件史料的搜集整理，注重现场调研与文献分析的结合，注重档案史料和图像史料的发掘解读，探究市政公共建筑与完善上海近代都市功能、拓展都市公共空间的关系，探究新型市政建筑空间中的市民身体与日常行为、政治意识形态表达和新的时空观念；进而说明在上海城市近代化的过程中，市政公共建筑参与城市空间形态、制度和文化的塑造，是上海独特现代性的见证。同时，对部分保留下来的市政公共建筑在当代的延续使用、功能转型和改造变迁进行案例分析，做历史建筑保护更新策略研究，这些变迁应能延续城市集体记忆、对塑造或激活有特色的地方性文化发挥积极作用。

城市历史风貌的保护、历史建筑的遗产价值及其更新利用日益受到重视。近代市政公共建筑是上海宝贵的物质和文化遗产，但在城市变迁的过程中面临被破坏的压力和转型的困境。本课题研究了近代上海在公共安全、医疗卫生、文化教育、市政办公、通讯、交通与公用设施等领域的市政公共建筑。第一，通过田野调查与资料整理工作，考证了这些市政建筑的功能布局、空间形制和历史发展，建立起近代上海市政建筑的知识谱系，填补了上海近代建筑研究的部分空白。第二，初步搭建完成国内首个近代市政建筑历史信息和现状的图文数据库，以期为进一步的历史研究和保护更新提供数据与支持。第三，将建筑学的理论和方法与城市史、社会学和人类学等跨学科方法结合，以此总结出近代市政建筑与城市空间形塑、城市结构改善及城市公共空间拓展之间的互动模式和脉络关系，进而从建筑空间与身体行为、市政观念与管理制度、建筑技术与行业规范等方面揭示了上海城市进程中市政建筑的现代性。由此，本研究课题为这类建筑遗产的保护和更新提供了价值判断依据，并尝试在当代实践中提出适当的功能转型和文化转译策略。