炼化污水难降解有机物深度处理新技术

In order to solve the key issues of the refinery and petrochemical wastewater, including the complex compositions of organic compounds and poor biodegradability, with the goal of meeting the demand of upgrading-reconstruction, energy conservation and emission reduction of our country, this project proposes that an new idea of “emission reduction by sources oxidation, biodegradation intensification, deep and accurate treatment” and achieve the efficient treatment accompanied by the deep decarbonization and denitrification. By measuring and theoretically modal predicting the concentrations and forms of the typical refractory organic pollutants (N and S containing compounds), efficient removal of refractory organic pollutants with low energy cost by constructing the new advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) through developing three dimensional electrodes, the refinery and petrochemical wastewater will be deep treated, discharged with reaching the standards and reused by using the integrated AOPs-biodegradation process. We will reveal the interactions, degradation paths of the typical refractory organic pollutants and their quantity relationships between structure of pollutants, model frame and treatment efficiencies in the physicochemical- biodegradation intensification-post physicochemical/biodgradation deep treatment, and apply part of achievements to industrial application to provide important theory and key technologies for the refinery and petrochemical wastewater in our country.

针对炼化污水有机物成分复杂、可生化性差的关键科学问题，为应对提标改造和节能减排的国家重大需求，本课题提出“源头氧化减排、生化过程强化、深度精制处理”的研究思路，实现污水的高效、深度脱碳除氮。对炼化废水中难降解特征污染物（含硫/氮有机物）赋存形态及浓度水平的理论模型预测和浓度测定，通过设计三维电极材料构建高级氧化新工艺实现难降解有机物的高效低耗去除，采用高级氧化-生化耦合新方法对污水进行深度处理，实现炼化污水的达标排放和回用。揭示炼化废水中典型难降解污染在物化-生化强化-后物化/生化深度处理工艺中的交互作用、转化途径，确定污染物结构、模型框架与处理效率间的定量关系，通过研究成果的部分工程应用，为我国炼化污水深度处理提供重要的理论参考及主导性技术。

为了实现炼化污水的达标排放和回用，本课题围绕炼化污水中难降解污染物处理的难点和关键科学问题，进行了系统的研究和探索，取得了部分创新性成果：通过对典型炼化污水难降解污染源及其水质特性研究，对典型炼化污水如重质原油炼化污水中难降解特征污染物（含油、含氮、含硫化合物）进行定性和定量分析，阐明其时空分布、排放强度、迁移转化规律，揭示重油炼制污水氮污染物成因、形态分布规律。通过开发高效、稳定电极材料，构建了硫酸根自由基高级氧化新工艺，有效抑制副反应，实现难降解有机物的高效、低耗去除。开发了针对重质原油等炼化污水的厌氧特效微生物菌群，实现生化工艺的快速启动和颗粒污泥的快速培养，有效提高污水的B/C比，实现了污水中的有机氮向氨氮的高效转化；构建了能有效去除难降解有机物的MBR工艺，实现对污染物的分离-生物降解耦合去除，通过工艺优化、界面调控及菌群演变规律研究，有效缓解了膜污染问题，实现MBR工艺的稳定运行和对芳香烃等难降解污染物的高效去除。构建了MFC-SANI、MEC-SAN等多种物化-生化耦合新工艺，提出电子给体来源的新途径，拓展了生化处理的使用范围，降低污泥产生量，实现对污水的深度处理，有效去除TOC和脱氮，揭示多种炼化污水中典型难降解污染在物化、生化及其耦合工艺中的转化途径和降解机理，为我国炼化污水深度处理及回用提供技术支撑。