精准扶贫政策下生态系统服务供需传输网络重构及实证研究

People living in a fragile ecological environment are facing the dual pressures of ecological degradation and poverty, which seriously affect ecosystem services and human well-being. How to meet the demands of regional development while improving the supply of ecosystem services is an urgent priority of poverty alleviation policies. However, the current poverty alleviation policy only focuses on the improvement of people's livelihood and the environment. It ignores the spatial and temporal mismatch between the ecosystems that provide value and people that enjoy services, and the transmission network of ecosystem services. Therefore, "lucid waters and lush mountains" are difficultly turned into "invaluable assets", largely due to the lack of theoretical and practical instructions for optimizing regional poverty alleviation effect. This project will take Wuling Mountain Area as a study sample, which is an extreme poverty area and rich in biological resources. Based on the ecosystem services "supply - flow - demand" framework, we will apply a suite of methods (statistical model, ecosystem services assessment models, economic accounting, scenario analysis, etc.) to reveal the transmission mechanism between supply and demand of ecosystem services. Our objective is to identify the key area of supply and demand and the efficient transmission network. Also we will set up a variety of development scenarios to explore the reconfiguration scheme of transmission network for improving the well-being of local people. This project has important scientific significance and practical value for alleviating the tradeoff between regional ecological degradation and economic development. The aim is to find ways for promoting effective poverty alleviation in order to realize regional sustainable development.

生活在脆弱生态环境中的人们面临着生态退化和生活贫困双重压力，严重影响着生态系统服务及人类福祉。如何满足地区发展需求的同时提升生态系统服务供给，是目前精准扶贫政策面临的重大议题和迫切需求。然而，当前扶贫政策侧重人民基本生计和生态环境改善，忽视了生态系统服务供需之间的时空错位及传输网络，故未能有效地将“青山绿水”转换成“金山银山”。本项目选取我国连片特困地区和生物资源丰富的武陵山片区为研究对象，基于生态系统服务“供给—流—需求”框架，利用统计模型、生态系统服务评估模型、经济效益核算、情景分析等方法，揭示生态系统服务供需之间的传递机制，识别供需关键区及核心传输网络，设置多种发展情景，探究提升福祉的传输网络重构方案，对缓解地区生态退化与经济发展矛盾，促进有效脱贫，实现地区可持续发展具有重要的科学意义和实践价值。

生活在脆弱生态环境中的人们面临着生态退化和生活贫困双重压力，严重影响着生态系统服务及人类福祉。如何满足地区发展需求的同时提升生态系统服务供给，是目前精准扶贫政策面临的重大议题和迫切需求。然而，当前扶贫政策侧重人民基本生计和生态环境改善，忽视了生态系统服务供需之间的时空错位及传输网络，故未能有效地将“青山绿水”转换成“金山银山”。本项目选取我国连片特困地区和生物资源丰富的武陵山片区为研究对象，基于生态系统服务“供给—流—需求”框架，利用生态系统服务评估模型、经济效益核算、情景分析等方法，揭示生态系统服务供需之间的传递机制，识别供需关键区及核心传输网络，设置多种发展情景，探究提升福祉的传输网络重构方案，对缓解地区生态退化与经济发展矛盾，促进有效脱贫，实现地区可持续发展具有重要的科学意义和实践价值。本课题研究结论表明：武陵山片区的各类生态系统服务供需传输过程，有其独特的运行与传递机制，可以用生态系统服务供需相关理论和研发的网络传输模型来很好的解析这种机制。根据机制通过情景模拟，制定促进生态系统服务供需传输的网络规划与管理层面的应对策略。研究结果通过论文等形式发表，并在国内外相关学术活动上产生较大影响。通过本次课题研究及其相关成果发表的共同作用，武陵山贫困区生态系统服务供需传输网络发展进入了有理可依的发展阶段，学术理论能很好的帮助和指导其他贫困山区的生态系统服务供需传输的科学管理与生态扶贫政策的补充完善。