高速铁路低噪声无砟轨道降噪机理及声学评价方法研究

Prediction, evaluation and control of the wheel-rail rolling noise from high-speed railway ballastless track is a key scientific issue that must be solved in the high-speed railway construction. The low-noise ballastless track equipping with source abatement measures such as rail damping absorbers, porous sound-absorbing panels and so on is the most promising method to achieve the breakthrough of noise control. However, the noise reduction mechanism on the low-noise ballastless track of high-speed railway has not been clear understood in the current research, and there are no effective theoretical models and test methods to evaluate the noise reduction performance. This project employs waveguide FEM comprising porous elastic media, periodic structure theory of Fourier series and acoustic wavenumber BEM to establish a theoretical model analyzing the vertical and lateral vibration and sound radiation of the coupled system between high-speed trains and low-noise ballastless track in full frequency band (below 5000 Hz). An acoustic evaluation method for the low-noise ballastless track of high-speed railway combining theoretical model with field test is proposed by studying experimental validation and optimization of the theoretical model, field test method using microphone array and acoustic characteristics of typical low-noise ballastless track with rail damping absorber or porous sound-absorbing panels. The research conclusions will conduct the acoustic design and performance evaluation of low-noise ballastless track, improve the accuracy and efficiency to predict the wheel-rail rolling noise, and provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for prediction, evaluation and control of the wheel-rail rolling noise from high-speed railway.

高速铁路无砟轨道段轮轨滚动噪声的评估与控制为高速铁路建设必须解决的关键科学问题。采用钢轨阻尼吸振器、多孔吸声面板等声源降噪措施的低噪声无砟轨道，为目前最有潜力获得突破的噪声控制方法。然而当前研究对低噪声无砟轨道的降噪机理缺乏深入理解，对降噪性能评价还缺乏有效的理论分析模型和测试方法。课题采用包含多孔弹性介质的波导有限元、Fourier级数的周期性结构理论、声学波数边界元等方法，建立全频段内（5000Hz内）高速列车-低噪声无砟轨道耦合系统垂横向振动及声辐射理论模型；研究理论模型的实验验证、优化以及声阵列现场测试方法，研究钢轨阻尼吸振器、多孔吸声面板等典型低噪声无砟轨道的声学特性，提出结合理论模型与现场测试的高速铁路低噪声无砟轨道声学评价方法。研究成果将指导低噪声无砟轨道的声学设计及性能评价，提高轮轨滚动噪声的预测精度和效率，为高速铁路轮轨滚动噪声的预测、评估和控制提供理论基础和技术指导。

高速铁路无砟轨道段轮轨滚动噪声的评估与控制为高速铁路建设必须解决的关键科学问题。采用钢轨阻尼吸振器、吸声轨道板等声源降噪措施的低噪声无砟轨道，为目前最有潜力获得突破的噪声控制方法。然而当前研究对低噪声无砟轨道的降噪机理缺乏深入理解，对降噪性能评价还缺乏有效的理论分析模型和测试方法。课题采用周期结构波数有限元法、波数有限元-声学边界元法、三维有限元法等，建立了阻尼钢轨、动力吸振器钢轨、减振轨道板等低噪声无砟轨道模型；考虑轮轨耦合振动，建立了轮轨噪声辐射模型；分析了谐荷载和动态轮轨力作用下轮轨振动及声辐射特性。选取地铁典型桥上无砟轨道段进行试验，评估了阻尼钢轨的减振降噪性能。研究成果将指导低噪声无砟轨道的声学设计及性能评价，为轨道交通轮轨滚动噪声的预测、评估和控制提供理论基础和技术指导。