梯级开发胁迫下不同受影响程度鱼类的生活史对策比较研究

Hydropower as a clean, safe and renewable energy, plays a positive role in improving the energy structure, to deal with climate change and other aspects. However hydropower cascade development changed the original river ecosystem, the original adaptation of lotic habitats of fish unable or difficult to complete life history, which leads to population decline and even species die out, which serious impact on fish diversity and river ecosystem health. This study object was four fish species: Cranoglanis bouderius bouderius and Mystus guttatus, Semilabeo notabilis and Ptychidio jordani in the Hongshuihe River. Four species of fish Cascade development of the former are widely distributed in the basin economically important fish before cascade development. However, the population of Cranoglanis bouderius bouderius and Semilabeo notabilis declined seriously, while the population of Mystus guttatus and Ptychidio jordani were still large after cascade development. A comparative study of their life history characteristics will be carried out for these two groups of fish, in order to understand the the relationship between life history types of the fishes and effect degree of cascade development, which provide the basis for forecasting effect degree to fishes by the cascade development during hydropower development in the environmental impact assessment; and master the key life history index and proccess which decided the affect degree to fishes, to provide scientific basis of developing targeted mitigation and protection measures.

水电作为清洁、安全的可再生能源，在改善能源结构、应对气候变化等方面发挥着积极作用。然而水电梯级开发改变了原有的河流生态系统，使原有的适应流水生境的鱼类无法或难以完成生活史，从而导致其种群规模下降甚至种类消亡，严重影响鱼类多样性及河流生态系统健康。本项目以红水河2组鱼类为研究对象，分别是鲇形目鲿科的斑鱯和长臀鮠科的长臀鮠，鲤科野鲮亚科的唇鲮和卷口鱼，这4种鱼类在红水河梯级开发前均是流域内分布广泛的重要经济鱼类，梯级开发后，长臀鮠、唇鲮的种群规模下降严重，而与之对应的相近分类单元、相似生态习性的斑鱯、卷口鱼种群规模依然较大。本研究针对这2组鱼类开展其生活史特征的比较研究，了解鱼类生活史类型与其受梯级开发影响程度的关系，为水电开发环境影响评价等前期工作中预测鱼类受梯级开发影响程度提供判断依据；同时掌握决定鱼类受梯级开发影响程度的关键生活史指标，为制定有针对性的减缓和保护措施提供科学依据。

本项目以红水河4种鱼类为研究对象，分别是鲿科的长臀鮠和斑鱯，鲤科野鲮亚科的唇鲮和卷口鱼，这4种鱼类在红水河梯级开发前均是流域内分布广泛的重要经济鱼类，梯级开发后，长臀鮠、唇鲮的种群规模下降严重，而与之对应的相近分类单元、相似生态习性的斑鱯、卷口鱼种群规模依然较大。本研究针对这2组鱼类开展其生活史特征的比较研究，并与生境因子进行相关性分析，探明决定鱼类受梯级开发影响程度的关键生活史指标及其主要特征。研究发现，梯级开发对鱼类的影响是多方面的，但其中关键的可能主要是繁殖和摄食的影响，因此梯级开发生态保护中应重点关注对繁殖生境要求较高、繁殖力低的种类，以及食谱较狭窄的种类，特别是梯级开发导致其饵料来源发生较大改变的种类。