北方既有住区建筑品质提升与低碳改造的基础理论与优化方法

The environmental quality and ecological issues of China's urban residential building have become increasingly prominent after decades of rapid development. Especially in the northern region, a large number of residential buildings built between the 1980s and 1990s have the problems of high energy consumption and serious deterioration of the living quality. The current mode of energy saving renovation cannot meet the quality improvement of living environment and the requirements of low carbonization. And the traditional architecture is lack of systematic theory and design methods. Therefore, this research has theoretical and practical significance, focusing on the "quality improvement" and "low carbon renovation” of Northern China residential buildings. Based on the investigation of the residential buildings, this project begins with functionality, comfort, and placeness. The correlation among the degradation mechanism, the quality, and the low-carbon of residential buildings is studied through the collection and typological analysis of complex data. Then, the theory system of the interaction and coupling between the quality and the low-carbon is built in three aspects, which are the target decision, design method and energy-efficiency evaluation. Finally, the optimization strategy and method of multi-objective integration are proposed, and the knowledge base and design tools of the optimization method are formed. The research findings can not only improve the architectural design methods, basic theory and technical strategies, but also provide a scientific basis for making technical regulations and standards of residential building renovation.

经过三十余年的高速发展，我国城市住区建筑品质与环境问题日益突出。尤其北方地区，大批建于1980-90年代的住区建筑存在品质退化和高耗能的双重问题。现行的节能改造模式单一，无法满足对居住品质提升和低碳化的可持续需求，而传统建筑学尚缺少系统性的理论和设计方法进行指导。因此，本项目聚焦北方既有住区建筑“品质提升”和“低碳改造”问题，具有重要的理论与现实意义。本项目首先以住区建筑实态研究为基础，通过复杂数据的采集与类型化分析方法，从功能性、舒适性、场所性等品质属性出发，研究住区建筑退化机理与品质、低碳的相关性。其次，展开目标决策、设计方法、效能评价三个层次的核心研究，构建品质与低碳相互介入与耦合的理论体系。最终，提出多目标整合的优化设计策略，以及支持品质提升与低碳改造设计的知识库与工具方法。研究成果既可完善建筑学基本理论、设计方法和技术策略，也可为今后制定住区建筑改造的相关技术标准提供科学依据。

针对我国上世纪八九十年代建成的北方老旧小区住宅功能低下与高耗能突出的问题，本项目围绕品质提升中涉及的住区建筑退化机理与品质的相关性问题，以及品质目标决策、设计方法、效能评价等问题开展基础理论与优化方法研究，如期完成预定的研究内容，取得了以下重要成果：.1）基于多源数据信息的採集与整合，完成了北方典型城市既有住区建筑的劣化实态调研，构建了“层级化”科学模型下的基础数据库，解决了以往相关要素数据不足并分散、数据之间缺乏科学关联性的难题；.2）构建了“部位-病症”和“病症-诊断-修复”关联性分析为基础的诊断评估知识库科学体系，解决了以往基于经验和片段信息进行病理诊断的不确定性问题，基于多参数复合以及组合方式的模型建构与演算，明确了既有住区建筑品质“要素-性能”影响方式与机制；.3）建构了目标层级和要素策略的细分方法，实现了对于现有指导性目标的重要补充，增添了针对住区建筑的更高改造需求层级分类，弥补了以往的改造中缺乏完整和精细的目标、方法和指标；.4）提出了基于多维模拟、综合评估的改造策略优化方法，完善了面向实际应用的既有住区建筑全生命周期碳排放评价和低碳改造流程，首次构建了基于科学原理驱动的“数据-诊断-策略-评估”全流程可视化模拟与演示集成平台。.共发表科研论文86篇（第一标注74篇，第二标注11篇），其中二区以上SCI论文13篇，国内高水平核心期刊30篇，其他期刊29篇，国际知名会议论文14篇；参编国家级和省级标准编制2项，在5个改造项目中进行了试评价；出版专著4部译著1部；主办学术研讨会8次，参加该领域国内外顶级会议21次；与日本、荷兰、挪威、新加坡等多国大学开展合作研究；培养了博士后3名，毕业博士6人，硕士27人。研究成果五年内SCI他引175余次，被刘加平院士、丁沃沃教授等知名学者引用，在45个国家重点计划研发项目、以及上百个国家级省级课题中被引用，产生了广泛的学科以及行业影响。