基于“公共私”理论的老旧住区建筑品质提升机制与方法研究

There is a huge stock of existing urban residential buildings in China, and the issue of improving their quality is very serious. Sustainable improvement of urban residential building quality, on the one hand, is the improvement of space, environment, facilities and other hardware; on the other hand, is the improvement of quality improve decision-making and implementation mechanism as well as social management software. At present, the reconstruction of old residential buildings is mostly dominated by the government, focusing on hardware upgrading. The scientific analysis of multi-level and middle-level elements in residential areas and the decision-making participation of multi-stakeholders are not much concerned, which leads to the limited effect of the reconstruction and makes it difficult to continue to promote. This is directly related to the quality improvement decision-making process and the scientific of the implementation strategy. With the help of the theory of "public-shared-private” originated from the idea of open building, and through the hierarchical analysis method, this study aims to understand the hierarchical relationship and decision-making mechanism and methods of various quality elements in existing urban residential buildings. Including: 1. Hierarchical analysis model of indoor and outdoor space; 2. Diagnostic evaluation list and methods of various levels of elements; 3. Decision-making process and implementation strategy of reconstruction objectives; 4. Building data support platform for quality improvement by BIM and VR technology. Finally, a scientific theoretical system can be formed to guide the practice of building quality improvement of existing residential areas in China, and provide theoretical basis and data support for the introduction of relevant policy standards, so as to promote the sustainable improvement of building quality of existing residential areas in China.

我国城市老旧住区建筑存量巨大，其品质提升问题十分严峻。城市住区建筑品质的可持续性提升,一方面是空间、环境、设施等硬件的提升；另一方面是品质提升决策与实现机制以及社会管理等软件的提升。当前老旧住区建筑改造多由政府主导集中于硬件提升，对住区中多层级要素的科学分析，多利益主体的决策参与均关注不够，导致改造成效有限，很难持续推进。这与品质提升决策过程与实现策略的科学性直接相关。本研究借助源于开放住宅思想的“公共私”理论，通过层级化的分析方法，旨在解明老旧住区建筑中各品质要素的层次关系及决策机制与方法。包括：①室内外空间的层级化分析模型；②各层级要素的诊断评估清单及方法；③改造目标的决策流程及实现策略；④利用BIM和VR技术构建品质提升的数据支撑平台。最终形成可以指导我国老旧住区建筑品质提升实践的科学理论体系，并为相关政策标准的出台提供理论依据和数据支撑，促进我国老旧住区建筑品质的可持续提升。

我国既有住区品质提升往往对物质空间环境品质关注较多，对既有住区更新改造的可持续工作机制与方法关注较少。针对我国既有住区品质提升的机制与方法问题，本项目首先以北方滨海城市大连为研究地域，对城市中心区开放住区进行了调查研究，包括建筑本体调查、环境品质调查以及居住人群需求调查。其次，在调查研究的基础上，结合国内外先进建筑理论对我国既有住区建筑以及环境进行了层级化理论研究与分析。第三，结合调查中发现的问题，对我国典型既有住区改造实践项目进行了跟踪调查，发现实践中存在的痛点问题，并进行工具方法的开发工作。.在以上研究内容的基础上，在理论、实践以及应用三个维度，取得了三方面研究成果。首先，现有理论研究偏重于新建建筑无法为既有住区改造项目提供理论依据，本项目研究力求突破局限，构建了针对既有住区改造的理论体系与分析模型，为我国既有住区改造实践提供了理论依据。第二，当前既有住区改造普遍存在住宅本体现状把握不清，居民实际需求不明，导致改造实施后居民满意度一般以及重复改造等问题。本项目通过系统调查，摸清了大连地区老旧住宅存在的普遍问题、居民特征以及居住需求，并借鉴国外经验，为未来的存量住宅更新提供了重要参考依据。第三，针对现实中改造效果难以判定，分析方法不够科学的问题，开发了既有住区品质提升的评价和模拟工具，实现了改造项目的科学模拟与评价。.通过本项目研究，推动了我国建筑再生领域的研究进展，为我国既有住区品质提升提供了理论基础，助力我国既有住区改造工作实现可持续发展。