藏猪肺组织响应高原低氧胁迫特异miRNA鉴定及转录组表达调控网络构建

High altitude, cold and low oxygen conditions are major ecological limiting factors for livestock in plateau area. Tibetan pig ( Sus scrofa ) has formed a unique strategy on adaptation at high altitudes and low oxygen conditions. The hypoxic adaptation of lung have possessed mechanism of hypoxic stress response to molecular levels in long-term adaptive evolution. For the study materials, the Tibetan pigs and Duroc pigs distributed in different altitudes ( 4000m, 3000m and 500m ) will be selected to investigate the physiological and biochemical basis of blood and the cell structure of pulmonary. The transcriptome RNA-seq and miRNA-seq be used for the lung tissue, to establish the preliminary database of miRNA. Based on the analysis of multi-omics expression, screen and identify the specific expression gene and miRNA, predicted target gene of miRNA related the of hypoxic adaptation at high altitudes. By integrating analysis the mRNA and miRNA of Tibetan pig and Duroc pig distributed in different altitudes, constructed the transcriptome expression regulatory networks to show the targeting the regulation and channel in lung tissue of Tibetan pigs. On this account. it reveals the genetic mechanism reponsed to stress of high altitude hypoxic environment of tissue in Tibetan pigs. The result of this research will provide a theoretical and scientific basis for excavating excellent germplasm resources of Tibetan pig with coevolution in extreme environment.

高寒和低氧是高原地区主要生态限制因子，藏猪（Sus scrofa）在长期适应性进化中形成了独特的高原低氧适应策略，肺组织在分子水平上具备响应低氧胁迫的遗传机制。本项目以三个不同海拔高度(4000m、3000m和500m)藏猪和杜洛克猪为研究对象，分析血液生理生化及肺组织细胞结构特征，采用RNA-seq和miRNA-seq技术进行转录本测序，初步建立藏猪肺组织microRNA（miRNA）数据库；利用比较转录组分析技术，筛选并鉴定特异表达基因和miRNA，预测低氧适应相关miRNA靶基因；通过不同海拔高度两个品种间mRNA和miRNA联合分析，构建藏猪肺组织转录组表达调控互作网络，阐明转录组水平上低氧适应调控靶向及作用途径，揭示藏猪响应青藏高原低氧环境胁迫的遗传学机制。研究结果对挖掘藏猪优良种质资源、提升环境变化应对能力、维系青藏高原生态系统稳定具有重要理论意义。

藏猪（Sus scrofa）在长期适应性进化中形成了独特的高原低氧适应策略，特别是肺脏组织在分子水平上具备响应低氧胁迫的遗传机制。高原低氧是高原地区主要生态限制因子，可诱导肺组织损伤并导致疾病的产生。本项目以藏猪线粒体全基因组序列特征为基础，通过选择不同海拔高度的藏猪和长白猪为研究对象，制作了肺脏铸型标本，分析了血液生理生化及肺组织细胞结构特征，采用mRNA-seq和miRNA-seq技术进行了转录本测序，初步建立藏猪肺组织mRNA和miRNA数据库；利用比较转录组分析技术筛选并鉴定了特异表达mRNA和miRNA，预测低氧适应相关miRNA的靶向mRNA；通过不同海拔高度两个品种间mRNA和miRNA联合分析，构建了藏猪肺组织转录组表达调控互作网络，阐明了转录组水平上低氧适应调控靶向及作用途径，揭示了藏猪响应青藏高原低氧环境胁迫的遗传学机制。研究结果对挖掘藏猪优良种质资源、提升环境变化应对能力、维系青藏高原生态系统稳定具有重要理论意义。