水体中卡马西平等抗癫痫药品的辐照降解及机理研究

The water pollution induced by antiepileptic drugs (e.g. carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine) has been one of the most important issues due to their ubiquitous occurrence and persistent. However, these drugs are hard to remove effectively by commercial wastewater treatment plant. This project is set to removal the antiepileptic drugs of carbamazepine and its metabolite in aqueous solution by electron beam irradiation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the removal efficiency and its degradation characteristics with hydroxyl radical and hydrated electron under different conditions, such as initial concentrations, pH value and radiation dose. With the research results, main influencing factors and reasonable mechanism of the degradation would be obtained, and thus high efficient and environment-friendly methods to eliminate antiepileptic drugs would be achieved. This research may result in a better understanding of the use of electron beam irradiation in the treatment of wastewater containing more organic compounds such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products.

抗癫痫药品卡马西平、奥卡西平等在水体环境中普遍存在且具有持久性，此类有机化合物水污染问题是目前环境污染的关注焦点。但是目前的污水处理技术无法很好的去除水体中此类污染源。本项目以水体中卡马西平为主要代表的抗癫痫药品为研究对象，以电子束辐照为研究手段，通过分析在不同反应体系和辐照条件下污染物降解效率，了解其主要影响因素，揭示影响污染物降解行为的主要工艺参数及影响规律；研究水体中卡马西平及其代谢中间体在不同活性粒子（羟基自由基、水合离子等）作用下的反应动力学及中间体结构，探讨其辐照降解机理。并研究污染水源中辐照降解的工艺优化，为深度治理污染水中药品和个人护理品的有机成分提供理论依据。

本项目使用电子束加速器辐照降解水体中卡马西平、奥卡西平、氧氟沙星和强的松，探讨辐照剂量、氧气、自由基清除剂和无机离子对辐照降解效率的影响。使用高效液相色谱（UPLC）检测辐照前后溶液中卡马西平、氧氟沙星和强的松浓度，使用高效液相色谱-质谱（UPLC-MS）检测各条件下辐照降解产物的分子量。结合高斯理论计算和实验结果，推测了各化合物物的辐照降解产物结构和相应的降解途径。并用发光细菌评估了辐照降解前后化合物的毒性。.结果表明，电子束辐照法是去除水体中卡马西平、奥卡西平、氧氟沙星和强的松的有效方法。在辐照剂量为2.0kGy时，各化合物已几乎完全降解。辐照剂量增大可以提高化合物的降解率。低浓度羟基自由基清除剂会显著降低辐照降解效率。无机盐离子对各化合物有不同。羟基自由基是降解这几种化合物的主要粒子。卡马西平、奥卡西平降解过程中出现了7种降解产物，氧氟沙星降解过程中共有9种降解产物，强的松降解过程中出现9种主要降解产物。费氏弧菌的抑制率数据显示，虽然在降解过程中会出现一些毒性较大的中间体，但是经5.0kGy辐照后的降解产物毒性降低。综上，电子束辐照是处理污水中难以降解的有机物的好方法。.