创业团队共享型领导对团队创新的动态影响：基于互联网创业企业的追踪研究

Continuous enhancement in innovation capability is critical for new digital ventures to survive and achieve rapid growth. Effective leadership is an engine for entrepreneurial teams to continually enhance innovation capability. Shared leadership, defined as the distribution of leadership roles and functions among team members, is becoming increasingly prevalent in entrepreneurial teams of digital ventures. Nonetheless, extant research has provided limited insights into whether and how shared leadership leads to increased team innovation. To address the research gap, this project will first advance the conceptual understanding of shared leadership with a specific focus on the context of digital entrepreneurial teams. Through a critical review of shared leadership research and a case study, we will distill the key characteristics of shared leadership by discussing what is shared in shared leadership and how the leadership is shared, as well as providing a refined measure of shared leadership. Next, based on the dual-path model of innovation, we develop a theoretical model explaining whether shared leadership in entrepreneurial teams is associated with an increase in team innovation by facilitating increased team learning and entrepreneurial passion. We will test this dual-path model by conducting a four-wave longitudinal study using a sample of 100 entrepreneurial teams of new digital ventures. In doing so, this project can provide a better understanding of the shared leadership concept and a framework that illustrates its effects on the dynamics of team innovation. Especially, with a focus on the context of entrepreneurial teams in digital ventures, our project will provide valuable insights in guiding entrepreneurs in that complex and rapidly changing environment to foster continuous team innovation.

对于互联网创业企业而言，创新能力的持续提升对其生存与快速发展壮大至关重要。高效的领导方式是团队创新能力提升的重要引擎。共享型领导这种强调领导角色和职能在团队成员中分布和共享的新型领导方式在技术快速更新的互联网创业企业中被越来越多地采用。但是，现有的研究对于共享型领导能否有效持续提升创业团队的创新能力仍缺乏探讨。本项目将首先通过文献综述和案例研究来深化对创业团队共享型领导的理解，阐明创业团队共享型领导的核心特征，探究其共享内容和共享方式，并优化其测量方法。在此基础上，本项目基于创新的双路径理论提出共享型领导通过加速团队内外部学习和创业激情来推动团队创新能力的持续提升，并计划以100个互联网创业团队为样本，运用4轮追踪研究设计和潜变量增长分析来对该模型进行实证检验。本项目的成功实施将为创业团队共享型领导的研究夯实理论基础，帮助互联网创业者高效运用共享型领导来实现团队创新能力的持续提升。

在创业企业中，主要存在着两种不同类型的领导模式：一种是传统的自上而下的个人英雄式领导，另一种是新兴的共享型领导。相比于个人英雄式领导对决策权的集中控制，共享型领导强调领导角色和职能在创业团队成员中分布和共享，这为管理者有效领导团队提供了一种新思路。共享型领导理论指出，除了创业团队的正式领导者，其他创业团队成员也可以在自己专长的领域自发主动承担一些领导职能。共享型领导可以调动和发挥团队成员的领导潜能，更加全面地履行团队所需的领导职能，进而提升团队效能。特别值得注意的是，共享型领导在工作任务比较复杂和对创新需求比较高的团队中显得尤为重要，而创业团队正具备这样的特征，共享型领导可能尤其适合于创业团队。尽管针对共享型领导的研究正在蓬勃发展，这一领导方式在创业团队中也越来越常见，但是，我们对创业团队共享型领导的概念内涵的理解有待进一步深化，对创业团队能否运用共享型领导来持续提升团队创新水平及其发挥作用的内在机理有待探究。在本研究项目中，我们重点从两个方面拓展创业团队共享型领导的研究，并为企业提供实践启示。第一，通过文献回顾对共享型领导的核心内涵及本质特征进行系统梳理，通过案例研究明晰创业团队中共享型领导的共享内容及共享形式，优化现有测量量表，为研究创业团队共享型领导打下坚实的理论基础。第二，本项目以创新研究的双路径理论为基础，深入探究了共享型领导推动团队创新水平不断提升的作用机理，并通过多时点追踪问卷调研验证了本项目提出的模型。此外，受到项目研究的启发，我们进一步探究了创业团队共享型领导的演化规律及其触发因素，并对共享型领导与团队创新的关系进行了元分析。因此，本项目不仅为理解和研究创业团队的共享型领导夯实了基础和开辟了新思路，还能帮助创业团队更好地理解和运用共享型领导来不断提升团队创新水平。