基于雷达测量的导弹目标微动特征参数提取

Extracting appropriate feature parameters from radar measurement is a key technique in radar target discrimination of a ballistic missile (BM). Micro-motion is a unique motion of a BM and the micro-Doppler features are treated as the most important features in recognizing the warhead from decoys. Based on the background of the target recognition in the ballistic missile defense system, the aim of this project is to analyze the characteristics of the missile and investigate methods to extract the micro-Doppler feature parameters from radar returns.The project is conducted in the following three subjects: (1) Analyze the characteristic of the missile with micro-motion and establish the radar signal model. The profoundly understanding of the BM micro-Doppler feature is the foundation of the research on the feature extraction. (2) Refering to the texture analysis in the image processing theory, study an approach to estimate the micro-motion frequency through analyzing the periodic structure of the resulting time-frequency distribution (TFD) spectrogram. Discuss the influences of the radar system parameters on the proposed method. (3) According to the non-uniformly sampled radar signal under the non-ideal observation condition, based on the sparsity nature of the BM scattering centers in the high frequency region, investigate the radar imaging method for the precessing ballistic missile using sparse component analysis (SCA) theory..The researches in the project are derived from the practical application problems. The methods proposed in the project present a new notion for the micro-Doppler feature extraction technolgy in the ballistic missile defense system..

基于雷达测量的导弹目标特征提取是弹道导弹防御系统目标识别的关键技术之一。微动是导弹目标所具有的独特运动方式，可以作为区分真假弹头的重要特性。本项目以导弹防御中的目标识别研究为背景，对基于雷达测量的导弹目标微动特征提取方法展开探讨。课题拟开展如下研究：（1）导弹目标微动特性分析和雷达回波信号建模，建模时充分考虑散射中心遮挡效应和表面材料的散射特性，为后续的特征提取方法研究奠定基础；（2）针对微动信号分量相对较弱的问题，研究基于时频图像纹理分析的微动特征提取方法，并分析雷达各系统参数对方法的影响；（3）针对实际相控阵预警雷达低数据率、非均匀采样的数据特点，利用导弹目标的散射中心特性，研究基于稀疏成分分析的微动导弹目标成像及目标微动特征提取方法。课题研究理论联系实际，旨在从实际应用角度出发为导弹防御系统的微动目标特征提取提供参考。

基于雷达测量的导弹目标特征提取是弹道导弹防御系统目标识别的关键技术之一。微动是导弹目标所具有的独特运动方式，可以作为区分真假弹头的重要特性。课题组对基于雷达测量的导弹目标特征提取方法展开了如下研究：（1）分析了导弹目标的微动特性，深入考虑了自旋过程中弹体对散射中心的遮挡效应，建立雷达回波信号模型，为后续研究奠定基础；（2）研究了基于时频图谱分析的真假弹头识别问题，以及基于时频图像纹理周期度量的微多普勒频率提取，并通过仿真实验堆方法的有效性进行了验证；（3）构建了微动状态下导弹目标的静态和动态RCS模型，并分析了RCS闪烁效应对导弹目标雷达检测性能的影响；（4）研究了基于稀疏成分分析的微动导弹目标成像及目标微动频率提取方法。项目研究旨在从实际应用角度出发为导弹防御系统的微动目标特征提取提供参考。