基于分类方法的建筑整体能效改造及维护方案的优化研究

Green retrofit and maintenance is an effective method to improve the energy efficiency of buildings and promote the reduction of energy consumption and emission. This project investigates building retrofit and maintenance planning problems from the following three aspects. 1) In view of the complicated modelling process, costly energy auditing process required, and difficulty in solving the building retrofit and maintenance planning problems, a grouping method, which classifies equipment that has similar properties and working conditions into a homogeneous group, is proposed to reduce the auditing cost and complexity of the optimization problems. 2) To fully exploit the energy-saving potential, a whole-building retrofit and maintenance planning model is proposed considering both the indoor appliances and the envelope system in a building. 3) Building on the results obtained in 2), performance degradation of energy-saving measures will be considered and correspondingly a dynamic maintenance planning model will be developed to optimize the schedule and intensity of maintenance actions. In this way, optimal building retrofit and maintenance solutions can be obtained to maximize the energy savings and economic benefits with the most effective resource utilization. The results obtained will provide references and guidelines on planning and implementation of practical green building projects.

建筑节能改造和维护是提高建筑能效、促进节能减排的重要方法之一。国务院在“十三五”节能减排战略部署中重点强调了建筑节能。本项目围绕建筑节能，从以下三个方面开展研究：1）针对建筑节能改造和维护方案规划中建模复杂、优化求解难和需要进行高成本、繁碎的能量审计等问题，提出一种“分类”思想，将性能和运行环境相似的设备分到一个同质组。在保证方案精确度和置信度的前提下，降低能量审计和优化问题求解的复杂度和成本；2）利用提出的分类方法，建立同时考虑建筑内部设施和外围结构的建筑整体节能改造和维护方案优化模型，精确地、最大限度地提高建筑能效；3）在2）的研究基础上，考虑建筑能源系统随时间性能衰减的动态特性，引入动态维护方案，对维护措施和时间等进行动态优化。从而更有效地利用资源，找到使节能和经济效益最大化的建筑改造和维护方案。本项目的研究成果对建筑节能领域的研究和实际项目的实施具有重要指导意义。

建筑节能改造是提高现有建筑能效、促进建筑绿化的有效方法之一，是实现国家“节能减排”战略需求的重要研究。本项目围绕建筑节能改造规划问题，开展以下研究：1) 提出了一套建筑节能改造规划指南，能够帮助所有建筑拥有者简单直观的制定节能改造方案；2) 提出了一种考虑用户特殊需求的基于神经网络节能偏差模型的建筑整体节能改造多目标优化方法。该方法考虑了建筑所有设施的改造和用户特殊需求，能大大降低建筑节能改造规划问题的建模、求解难度和成本；3) 提出了一种考虑性能衰减的建筑整体绿色改造动态规划方法。该方法考虑了建筑设施性能随时间不断下降的特性以及年度投资策略，从而获得准确的低成本节能改造方案；4) 将建筑节能优化策略应用于温室建筑，优化并控制温室的运行策略，实现降低能耗和碳排放等目的；5) 对以上方法都进行了仿真研究，初步验证了理论研究成果的有效性和可行性。