最近40年来风暴潮对黄河清水沟河口沙嘴地貌演变影响研究

The estuary associated promontory, which is run through by the tidal channel and penetrates into the sea, is a direct interaction geomorphic unit between rivers and sea. It is one of the most sensitive sedimentary environments in the river delta. Its geomorphological evolution is deeply affected by watershed, sea and global environmental changes. The Laizhou Bay, where the Yellow River estuary is located, prevailing temperate storm surge and is affected by the typhoon storm. However, there is still a lack of systematic and in-depth geomorphological studies on the influence of storm surge on the landform and erosion and deposition of the Yellow River estuary. We will take the estuary associated promontory of the Qingshuigou as the research object, adopt the technical route combining geomorphology, sedimentology, dynamics and chronology, use the method of field survey, shallow stratigraphic sampling, dating technique, sediment analysis, RS/GIS technical application, hydrodynamic fine simulation and time series analysis, focus on the identification, age determination, sedimentary feature analysis and dynamic information extraction of storm surge deposition in estuary zone. The storm surge sedimentary sequence will be established for the past 40 years. The morphodynamic evolution law of the estuary associated promontory during construction and abandonment will be revealed. The relationship and dynamic mechanism between storm surge and the geomorphic evolution of estuary associated promontory will be analyzed. The findings of this project can deepen the study on the evolution of estuary and coast landform in the temperate monsoon area under the influence of global warming and hiatus, rich the awareness of the geomorphic effect of variation of water-sediment into sea and sea level on silt-muddy coast. The research results can deepen the understanding of the influence of temperate storm surge on silty muddy coastal geomorphology and enrich the understanding of the geomorphic evolution of sediment-laden river delta in the context of global change.

被潮汐河道贯穿、突入海洋深处的河口沙嘴是河流与海洋直接作用的地貌单元，是河流三角洲最敏感的沉积环境之一，其地貌演变深受流域、海域和全球环境变化影响。黄河口所在的莱州湾为典型温带风暴潮盛行海域，并受到台风风暴潮影响。但是，关于风暴潮对黄河口沙嘴地貌及冲淤演变的影响，还缺少系统深入的地貌学研究。本项目以黄河清水沟期河口沙嘴为对象，采用地貌学、沉积学、动力学和年代学结合的技术路线，使用野外地貌调查、浅地层采样、年代测定、沉积物分析、RS/GIS技术应用、水动力精细模拟和时间序列分析等方法，以河口区风暴潮堆积的辨识、年代确定、沉积特征分析、动力信息提取为重点，建立最近40多年来风暴潮沉积序列，揭示河口沙嘴建造和废弃过程中的动力地貌演变规律，分析风暴潮与河口沙嘴地貌演变的关系及其动力机理。研究结果可深化温带风暴潮对粉砂淤泥质海岸地貌影响的了解，丰富对全球变化背景下多泥沙河流三角洲地貌演变的认识。

受气候变化、海面上升、泥沙减少等影响，导致最近40年来黄河清水沟亚三角洲海岸侵蚀、滩涂湿地萎缩、堤防及涉水工程损毁等系列风险问题，严重威胁三角洲地区。项目主要研究进展：（1）分析了其最近60 年来的黄河三角洲附近海岸的岸线、等深线、地貌冲淤状态演变过程，阐明了控制海岸地貌对黄河口演变响应的沉积动力机制，揭示了潮滩地貌演变的空间差异及其动力机理。相关工作发表在河口海岸领域国际著名期刊《Global and Planetary Change》。（2）通过对黄河入海水沙量与海岸动力条件的多情景精细化模拟，表明黄河现行河口北侧枯丰水期均淤积，东侧枯水期侵蚀丰水期淤积，废弃河口海岸均以侵蚀为主。揭示了其对黄河三角洲潮滩地貌演变影响的动力机理。相关工作发表在河口海岸领域国际著名期刊《Journal of Coastal Research》。（3）解析了天然粉砂孔隙内潴留空气对潮滩地形起伏的影响机理，揭示了潮滩干湿转化地貌发育机制，阐明了其在黄河入海泥沙减少背景下对潮滩冲淤的影响，根据此机理提出了新型海岸防护技术。相关工作发表在海岸工程技术领域一流期刊《Ocean Engineering》上。本项目主要研究内容包括探寻清水沟河口沙嘴地貌特征及时空差异、清水沟河口沙嘴物质组成、年代及沉积结构、风暴潮对河口沙嘴地貌演变的影响和机理，解决多泥沙弱潮河口沙嘴形成延伸、废弃蚀退过程中风暴潮的动力地貌 机理及其差异的关键问题。项目执行期间共发表论文19篇，授权专利9件，计算机软著3项，主编《Journal of coastal research》专辑1期。另外，获批国家级科研项目2项，省部级项目3项，培养了10名研究生。深入研究河口三角洲地区的地貌演化规律、响应机理和变化趋势，是应对气候变化与海岸侵蚀、服务黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展、保障区域经济社会可持续发展的重要科学基础。