制造企业服务化战略对供应链网络结构及绩效的影响——基于嵌入性视角的研究

Because current research on the implementation performance of the manufacturing enterprise under the service-oriented strategy pursuing the service-oriented manufacturing mode is few, the effect that the servitization strategy of manufacturing enterprises to their supply chain network structure and performance is studied in this project based on the perspective of embededness, and the mechanism is studied from the viewpoints of the internal consistency as well as the external embededness. Firstly, the two different servitization strategies based on product dominanted and customer process dominanted are compared and the decision condition between the manufacturing enterprise servitization strategy and the consistency of internal organization structure is constructed. Secondly, the embededness characteristics of the manufacturing enterprise in the supply chain are reviewed from the aspects of relationship embeddness and structure embededness, so the multidimensional relationship model of the manufacturing enterprise servitization strategy with the internal organization structure and its consistency to the embededness of supply chain network structure is constructed. Then, the influence relationship model among servitization strategy of manufacturing enterprises, supply chain network structure and enterprise performance is build. Finally by praticing in the typical enterprises， the theoretical model is inspected and revised, and the mechanism that the consistent between the manufacturing enterprise servitization strategy and the internal organization will promote the performance of the enterprises through the embedded of the supply chain network structure is revealed. The conclusion will help the manufacturing enterprise promote the supply chain management theory effectively in the service-oriented manufacturing mode. Meanwhile, the research results will show instructive significance for guiding the Chinese manufacturing enterprise to implement service transformation and the practice of the supply chain management.

本项目以"嵌入性"为分析视角，从内部一致性与外部嵌入性两个层面，对服务型制造模式下企业服务化战略影响供应链结构和绩效的机理展开分析。首先，从产品主导和客户过程主导两种类型对服务化战略进行分析，提出制造企业服务化战略与内部组织结构一致性的判定条件；其次，从关系嵌入性和结构嵌入性两方面对制造企业在供应链网络结构中的嵌入特性进行分析，构建制造企业服务化战略、内部组织结构及其二者之间的一致性对供应链网络结构嵌入性影响的多维关系模型；然后，构建制造企业服务化战略与组织结构的一致性、供应链网络结构嵌入性与企业绩效的影响关系模型。最后，在典型企业开展应用实践，检验和修正理论模型，形成制造企业服务化战略及其与内部组织结构的一致性通过供应链网络结构嵌入性的中介效应来影响企业绩效的作用机理理论。本项目能够有效促进服务型制造模式下供应链管理理论的进展，同时对于我国制造企业进行服务转型及其供应链实践具有指导意义。

本研究在文献分析与企业调研的基础上，首先明确了制造企业服务化战略的内涵、分类及测度，探索了服务化战略的影响因素；其次，通过组织区别性和组织清晰度两个维度刻画了服务导向的组织结构，并实证检验了服务化战略与组织结构的一致性匹配、一致性中介和一致性调节等三种关系表现；然后，从信息沟通、运营联结、法律契约、合作准则、购买商和供应商关系的适应等五个方面刻画了供应商的关系嵌入性，从信任、信息共享和共同解决问题三个维度刻画顾客关系嵌入性，分别检验了服务化战略对供应商关系嵌入性及对顾客关系嵌入性的影响；接着，研究了供应网络中制造企业网络能力、结构嵌入性对服务绩效的影响，以及供应链网络结构嵌入性、知识动态能力对服务创新绩效的影响，验证了服务化战略与组织文化、组织能力和组织流程等三个组织要素的匹配关系，构建并实证检验了服务化战略、服务创新能力对企业绩效的影响关系模型以及服务嵌入对制造企业服务绩效的影响机理，并通过案例分析了制造企业服务化商业模式的构建及价值创造的路径；然后，界定了支持服务创新的IT能力、面向服务创新的组织学习和制造企业服务创新绩效的特征内涵及组成构面，并验证了三者之间的关系影响，构建了远程监控技术在制造企业中使用意愿影响因素的概念模型并进行了实证检验，分析了顾客参与制造企业服务创新的激励机制；最后，以产品服务化供应链为依托，研究了制造企业转型升级过程中产品服务化供应链服务能力配置问题，以及不同权力结构下产品服务化供应链中最优的服务提供模式。