农田土壤微生态对甘肃贝母物候及生物量积累分配影响机理的研究

Chuanbeimu (Unibracteata Cirrhosae Bulbus) is the regionally obvious medical products, which yield and quality resulted from synergic role of genetics and environment. The soil micro-ecosystem is the key factor affecting its behave characteristics. It aims at the serious problems and actuality that the resources propagated and renewed very slowly for cool climate, simultaneously, wildland picking occurred in blindness resulted in environment breakage and severe danger in the resources but bad cultivated effect in the trueborn adapted distributed area. In this project, local familiar crops such as Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels and Vicia faba will be cultivated to culture different cropland soil micro-ecosystems and then cultivate the medical source plant Fritillaria. przewalskii Maxim by sowing seeds in different residue farmland, respectively, compared with the disused cropland resudue as the control. Firstly, the plant rhizosphere microbe diversity function and genetics and the correlations to the medical plant phenology characteristics and cumulated biomass assignation in these ecosystems will be studied systematically by sequence analysis and Biolog technique. Secondly, the biotic factors and their relationship to the plant phenology characteristics and cumulated biomass assignation in these ecosystems will be studied systematically.Thirdly, the ecological niche, abiotic factors and their relationship to the plant phenology characteristics and cumulated biomass assignation in these ecosystems will be studied systematically. Though above all studies, the difference in the feedback of the plant-soil in these micro-ecosystem will be explored in order to further reveal the affective mechanism of the soil micro-ecosystem result from different crop residues on the medical plant phenology characteristics and cumulated biomass assignation, finally providing scientific evidences of adjusting and controling the soil micro-ecosystem adapted for cultivating the medical plant and exploring its Standard Operation Procedure (SOP) so as to protect and improve the Chuanbeimu resources sustainable development in our country.

川贝母是地域特征明显的中药材，其产量和品质是遗传与环境共同作用的结果，土壤微生态环境是影响其特征特性表现的关键所在。针对川贝母资源分布区气候冷凉，资源更新速度慢，加上采挖过度，导致生境破坏，野生资源枯竭，栽培成效差等严重问题及现状，首先培育当地作物蚕豆、当归茬口，造就农田土壤微生态环境，然后以撂荒地为对照，在不同土壤环境栽培川贝母主要基原植物甘肃贝母。第一、研究系统中根际微生物功能多样性和遗传多样性与其物候和生物量积累分配的关系；第二、研究系统中生物种生态位与其物候和生物量积累分配的关系；第三、研究系统中非生物因子与其物候和生物量积累分配的关系。通过上述研究，旨在探明甘肃贝母-土壤环境反馈效应，揭示农田土壤微生态影响甘肃贝母特征特性表现的机理，为调控优化川贝母人工栽培的农田土壤环境和制定栽培标准操作规程（SOP）提供科学依据，有效保护和促进我国地道川贝母种质资源的可持续发展。

川贝母是地域特征明显的野生中药材，甘肃贝母和暗紫贝母是川贝母中的极品，其产量和品质是遗传与环境互作的结果，栖息地生境是影响其特征特性表现的关键。针对川贝母分布区气候寒冷，资源更新慢，人为扰动导致生境破坏，野生种质资源枯竭等严重问题及现状，本研究首次以撂荒地为对照，在农田不同农作物茬口土壤系统驯化栽培2种川贝母基原植物甘肃贝母和暗紫贝母，研究结果归纳如下：第一、揭示了系统中根际微生物多样性与其物候和生物量积累分配的关系，从分子水平探寻出病原微生物及其导致野生资源濒危的原因；第二、揭示了物种生态位与其物候和生物量积累分配的关系，探寻出有害生物类群及其人为干预策略；第三、探明了非生物因子与其物候和生物量积累分配的关系，挖掘出生长发育和品质形成的限制因子和驱动因子，建立了甘肃贝母异速生长模型；第四、建立了川贝母活体野生种质库6处，较大规模有效保存了川贝母基原植物野生种质资源。通过上述研究，建立了川贝母驯化栽培适宜生态因子评价体系及生态优化调控对策，探明了川贝母-土壤环境反馈效应，揭示了农田土壤微生态影响川贝母特征特性表现的的机理，为调控优化川贝母人工驯化和野生抚育农田生境微生态和制定SOP提供了科学依据，有效保护和促进了我国地道珍稀濒危川贝母种质资源的可持续发展和药材的可持续利用，为边缘极端区域生态经济的发展提供了技术支撑。