戈壁大风区高速铁路输沙导沙研究

Wind-blown sand damage on safe operation of railway in gobi area with high wind is a great science and technology problem. For it has characteristics of high speed, heave train body and smooth road, high-speed railway get more threat from wind-blown sand than common railway, thus the traditional thinking and technology of wind-blown sand prevention and control based on the principle of “relying mainly on fixation and blockage” is hard to meet its requirement. This project takes the Hundred-li wind zone section of Lanzhou-Xinjiang High-Speed Railway as study object, by methods of field observation, wind tunnel experiment and numerical simulation, and takes field subgrade as the main experiment site. Firstly, it will do a further studying on wind-blown sand activity characteristics of high-speed unballasted track railway subgrade; Then, fully integrating the advantage of high wind, gobi, unballasted track subgrade and dwarf embankment, making the best use of the situation according to its characteristics, adapting to local conditions, it will put forward key technology model of sand transport and sand divert of high-speed railway in gobi area with high wind; At last, by integration research, combining sand transport and sand divert, sand prevention and wind prevention, it will establish wind-blown sand damage comprehensive prevention and control system based on the principle of “relying mainly on transport and divert” model of high-speed railway in gobi area with high wind. The project will expand the thinking and technology of railway wind-blown sand prevention and control, provide scientific basis and technique support for railway wind-blown sand prevention and control of “Chinese High-Speed Railway Go Out” and “Silk Road Economic Belt”, increase the additional value of Chinese high-speed railway, has significant theoretical meaning and practical value.

戈壁大风区风沙问题是危害铁路运营的一个重大科学技术难题。由于高速铁路（高铁）具有运行速度快，车体轻，对道路平整度要求高等特点，风沙对其威胁远甚于普速铁路，而传统“以阻（沙）固（沙）为主”的风沙防治思路及技术已很难满足其防沙要求。本项目以兰新高铁百里风区段为研究对象，通过野外监测、风洞实验和数值模拟等研究方法，以野外路基为主要实验场地，深入研究戈壁大风区高铁无砟轨道路基风沙运动规律；充分结合大风、戈壁、无砟轨道路基、矮路堤等条件，因势利导，因地制宜，提出戈壁大风区高铁输沙导沙关键技术模型并进行实验研究；通过集成研究，将输沙与导沙措施结合、防沙与防风措施结合，建立一种“以输（沙）导（沙）为主”的戈壁大风区高铁风沙灾害综合防治体系模式。该项目拓展了铁路风沙灾害防治的思路和技术，为“中国高铁走出去”及“丝绸之路经济带”铁路防沙提供科学依据和技术支撑，增加中国高铁附加值，具有重要理论意义和实践价值。

戈壁大风区风沙问题是危害铁路运营的一个重大科学技术难题。由于高速铁路（高铁）具有运行速度快，车体轻，对道路平整度要求高等特点，风沙对其威胁远甚于普速铁路，而传统“以阻（沙）固（沙）为主”的风沙防治思路及技术已很难满足其防沙要求。本项目以兰新高铁百里风区为研究对象，以戈壁大风区高铁输沙导沙工程为主线，以形成戈壁大风区的高铁输导沙工程理论和技术体系为最终目标。主要研究结果包括：（1）通过野外考察及遥感影像对兰新高铁路百里风区进行风沙危害进及防治现状考察；（2）选取典型地区设置风沙监测仪器，观测了风沙流结构特征及风况特征，并且对高铁无砟轨道路基积沙沙样进行采集，并对其粒径进行了分析；（3）通过对兰新高铁及乌鲁木齐境内气象站风况数据分析，揭示了百里风区大风形成机制；（4）针对戈壁大风区铁路沙害特征，因势利导，充分利用大风、戈壁风沙流和无砟轨道路基等特点，应用风沙工程学、风沙物理学和风工程学等学科成熟的理论基础及研究方法，构筑输导沙技术原始模型，具体包括6种输沙导沙关键技术，并申请了专利；（5）通过综合分析，根据戈壁大风区兰新高铁风沙危害特点，提出戈壁大风区兰新高铁输沙导沙综合防护体系防治总体思想及类型，并阐述“过沙路基”概念。并积极参与了乌鲁木齐铁路局委托项目的《兰新高铁戈壁特大风区风沙综合防治体系方案》的制定工作，本项目相关的技术及思想部分被应用参考，并且相关数据、思想和技术为兰新铁路百里风区和烟墩风区等地区风沙防治工程提供了支撑。该研究拓展了铁路风沙灾害防治的思路和技术，为“中国高铁走出去”及“丝绸之路经济带”铁路防沙提供科学依据和技术支撑，增加中国高铁附加值，具有重要理论意义和实践价值。