微小空间碎片撞击航天防热材料的复杂多缺陷红外热波检测与识别关键技术研究

The thermal protection material on the surface of the spacecraft in orbit would be impacted by Micro-Meteoroid and Orbital Debris inevitably, which will cause the complex multi-defect damages such as impact craters, embedded impurities and laminar cracks. The current researches of the infrared thermal wave testing are mainly for the individual defect, but there are few other research results that can be used for the detection of the coupled multi-defect. In view of the above problems, this project establishes a new method of the quantitative detection and identification based on the infrared thermal wave testing for the detection of the coupled multi-defect damages. This project has three key points: 1) The one-dimensional analytic thermodynamic model of the individual defect as well as the three-dimensional finite element thermodynamic model of the coupled defects are both developed to study the effects of the defect types and the mutual coupling between defects on the surface temperature field. 2) The infrared thermal wave testing will be carried out on the artificial samples with defects, we will decouple the surface multi-defect thermal field data and reconstruct the thermal response of independent defect based on the thermal infrared image sequences. 3) The image segmentation algorithm and the feature recognition algorithm will be proposed to realize the quantitative detection and the type identification of defects, then the samples of real impact damages will be used to verify its availability. The expected research results can not only enrich and develop the theoretical system of infrared thermal wave testing, but also build the bridge between the current research results of the individual defect testing and the application of multi-defect detecting. Furthermore, it can promote the practical application in the detection and evaluation of the spacecraft in space debris environment, so it has great meaning on theory and in military practice.

在轨运行航天器表面防热材料不可避免的会受到微小空间碎片撞击，形成诸如凹坑、嵌入、层裂等类型的复杂多缺陷损伤，而目前红外检测研究主要以独立缺陷检测为主，鲜有涉及耦合多缺陷检测的研究成果。为解决上述复杂多缺陷检测难题，本项目拟建立基于红外热波检测技术的防热材料多缺陷定量检测和识别方法，研究内容包括：1）建立缺陷一维解析模型和多缺陷耦合热传导有限元模型，研究缺陷类型及其相互耦合作用对表面温度场的影响；2）开展人工模拟缺陷试件的红外热波检测试验，综合利用其热图像序列信息开展多缺陷表面温度场数据解耦和“独立”缺陷热响应重构；3）建立图像分割算法和特征识别算法，实现缺陷的定量检测和类型识别，并利用真实撞击损伤试件开展验证。预期成果能够丰富和发展红外热波检测理论体系，构建现有单缺陷检测成果向多缺陷检测转化的桥梁，推动其在航天器空间碎片环境检测评估领域的实际应用，具有重要的理论意义和国防军事价值。

为解决受微小空间碎片撞击在轨航天器形成的多类型复杂缺陷损伤检测难题，本项目建立了基于红外热波检测技术的防热材料多缺陷定量检测和识别方法，完成的研究内容包括: 一是建立了缺陷耦合热传导有限元模型，研究缺陷类型及其相互耦合作用对表面温度场的影响。二是开展了人工模拟缺陷试件的红外热波检测试验，综合利用其热图像序列信息开展多缺陷表面温度场数据解耦和“独立”缺陷热响应重构。三是建立了图像分割算法和特征识别算法，实现缺陷的定量检测和类型识别，并利用真实撞击损伤试件开展验证。预期成果能够丰富和发展红外热波检测理论体系，构建现有单缺陷检测成果向多缺陷检测转化的桥梁，推动其在航天器空间碎片环境检测评估领域的实际应用，具有重要的理论意义和国防军事价值。