空间微小碎片环境下航天器光学材料性能演化与机理研究

Along with the increasing frequency of human space activities, the quantity of space debris is ever increasing, which greatly threatens the obiting space vehicle. It is important to study the ground simulation of space micro-debris and the impact effects and cumulative damage. Based on the combination of different subjects including materials, physics and space environment, the project pays attention to the relationship between material mcrio-mechanism and macro-performance, and researches the interaction between space micro-debris environment and optical materials by the predominance which the impact damage is relative to the corresponding debris particle. The ground simulation equivalent theory of space micro-debris is investigated in the aspects of basic science on basis of the analyzing parameter of the space debris environment, and the synergetic effect mechanism of space micro-debris and thermal environment is revealed. By taking the typical optical glass, metal mirror and optical materials with film structure as the research object, mciro-debris impact effects and mechanism of optical materials is analyzed, and the impact damage model is founded. The performance degradation of optical materials is evaluated after micro-debris impact by expounding the relation between damage mechanism of optical materials and evolution of optical properties. The optical properties evolution model of optical materials under cumulative impacts of mciro-debris is established by the discussion on assessment method of micro-debris cumulative damage. The studies will help to contribute the theory and technology support for safe operation of optical materials under space micro-debris environment, and offer the science reference to the research and design of space optical materials.

随着人类太空活动日益频繁，空间碎片数量逐年大幅增加，对在轨航天器的威胁日益增加。开展空间微小碎片环境模拟、航天器光学材料碎片撞击效应和累积损伤具有重要意义。本项目拟将空间环境－物理－材料等不同学科结合，注重材料微观机制与宏观性能间的有机联系，基于激光驱动飞片模拟技术可将撞击损伤与具体碎片粒子相对应的优势，考察空间微小碎片环境与光学材料之间的交互作用。在空间环境剪裁的基础上，从基础科学层面阐明空间微小碎片地面模拟等效理论，揭示微小碎片与热环境协同作用机理。以典型光学玻璃、金属反射镜和膜层结构光学材料为研究对象，分析光学材料微小碎片撞击损伤效应和机制，建立撞击损伤模型；阐述光学材料损伤机制与光学性能演化规律相互关系，评价撞击损伤下光学材料性能退化规律；探讨碎片累积损伤评价方法，建立累积撞击光学性能演化模型；本研究将为空间微小碎片环境下空间光学材料的安全运行和科学设计提供理论支持。

随着人类太空活动日益频繁，空间碎片数量逐年大幅增加，对在轨航天器的威胁日益增加。开展空间微小碎片环境模拟、航天器光学材料碎片撞击效应和累积损伤具有重要意义。基于激光驱动飞片模拟技术可将撞击损伤与具体碎片粒子相对应的优势，考察了空间微小碎片环境与光学材料之间的交互作用。以典型光学玻璃、金属反射镜和膜层结构等光学材料为研究对象，分析了光学材料微小碎片撞击损伤效应和机制，建立了撞击损伤模型；阐述了光学材料损伤机制与光学性能演化规律相互关系，评价了撞击损伤下光学材料性能退化规律；探讨了碎片累积损伤评价方法本研究。在此基础上，开展撞击污染和结构损伤效应的监测与防护研究，提出了基于材料响应的空间环境高通量地面模拟方法，深入开展了激光烧蚀材料技术，并对空间陨石撞击坑的形成机制进行了探索。本项目研究将为空间微小碎片环境下空间光学材料的安全运行和科学设计提供理论支持，实现了高通量低成本的空间环境地面模拟，研究成果在相关领域也具有一定的理论与应用价值。