宽带共形承载天线的多模协同设计与动态形变补偿研究

The next generation aircrafts put forward higher requirements for the antennas in airborne platform. There is an urgent demand for broadband conformal load-bearing antennas (CLAs) that can not only be integrated with equipment platform, but also maintain promising performance under harsh environment. With the advent and development of smart skin technology, the research on CLAs is extended from passive shape preservation to active performance adjustment. In this project, two main scientific issues are studied, which includes broadband co-design of CLAs and their dynamic compensation of electromagnetic performance under deformation. First, the substrate integrated waveguide cavity-backed antennas are selected as the radiating elements, and their broadband multi-mode mechanism is investigated. On basis of the antenna array, a composite load-bearing antenna is constructed and further optimized using an adaptive surrogate model. Therefore, the electromechanical co-design of the proposed composite antenna can be realized. Second, the displacement reconstruction method based on spatial curvature is combined with reconstruction error correction based on transfer learning. Also the coupling relation between the reconstructed displacements and compensated values for the array elements is derived. As a result, the real-time deformation reconstruction and electrical compensation of CLAs can be realized. Finally, an experimental system is developed and the verification experiments are carried out to improve the proposed design method and compensation scheme. The project will provide theoretical guidance and technical approaches for the broadband and integrated design of CLAs, and enhance the adaptability of airborne antennas under harsh environment.

新一代飞行器对机载平台中天线提出了更高要求，迫切需要既能与装备平台高度集成和融合，又能在服役环境下保持优良性能的宽带共形承载天线。随着智能蒙皮技术的出现和发展，推动着共形承载天线由被动保形向主动性能调控的方向发展。针对共形承载天线的宽带协同设计以及阵面形变下电磁性能的动态调控等科学问题，首先，本项目提出将基片集成波导背腔天线作为辐射单元，研究其宽带多模构建机理，并在其阵列基础上构建复合共形承载天线，探索基于自适应代理模型的并行优化方法，实现复合天线的机电协同设计。其次，将基于空间曲率的位移重构与基于迁移学习的重构误差修正结合，并推导建立重构位移与阵元激励补偿量之间的耦合关系，实现共形承载天线的实时形变重构与电补偿。最后，将研制实验系统并开展验证实验，完善所提出的设计方法和补偿方案。项目将为共形承载天线的宽带化和集成化设计提供理论指导和技术途径，并提升机载平台中天线主动适应服役环境的能力。

本项目针对机载等装备平台中共形承载天线宽带化、集成化及多功能的发展需求，从共形承载天线的宽带协同设计和阵面形变状态下天线电磁性能的动态调控等关键科学问题出发，按照计划开展了共形承载天线阵的多模协同设计、基于曲率-学习的阵面形变位移重构、基于重构位移的电磁性能补偿以及实验验证等研究工作。项目首先研究了辐射单元的宽带构建机理问题，并提出了多模激励和模式混合方法的设计方法，基于基片集成波导背腔天线实现了宽带小型化性能。在此基础上拓展设计了2 2子阵和64元矩形栅格阵列，形成了轻薄化阵面。其次，采用基于自适应代理模型的方法对复合共形承载天线进行了机电协同优化，使其具备设定的电磁和力学等性能。接着，研究了形变阵面重构问题并提出了基于曲率-学习的位移重构方法，该方法能够简化传感网络拓扑结构并提高重构精度。最后，基于口径投影原理构建了阵面形变状态下阵元激励和测量形变及应变信息之间的映射模型，该方法于能够对阵面形变引起的波束指向偏差、方向性减小、波束展宽和副瓣降低等问题进行有效地补偿。基于所提出的理论机理和设计方法，项目设计并研制了一种具备电磁收发、结构承载和感知调控功能的共形承载天线系统样机，并通过形变实验验证了其形变检测和电磁调控功能。综上所述，本研究已基本实现了既定的研究目标，项目将有助于解决机载高集成共形承载天线系统的宽带化和机电协同设计问题，保障并提升服役状态下的态势感知和综合调控能力，为其在复杂环境下的可靠服役奠定基础。