输变电设备运行状态无源智能传感关键技术

The normal operation of power transmission and transformation equipment can ensure the stable operation of power grid, which affects the development of society and economic. Therefore, monitoring equipment condition is beneficial to find the hidden danger at an early stage and reduce accident of power grid failures. This project is planned to do research on typical passive sensing key technology, including distributed optical fiber sensing technology, for detecting operation condition of overhead transmission lines and cables, ultrasonic sensing technology to detect operating condition of GIS and other power transmission and transformation equipment. The research in detail is shown as follows: signal processing technology based on quadratic spectrum difference method and fiber hybrid multiplexing technology, methods to improve fiber monitoring efficiency, methods to achieve high-spatial resolution and long-distance detection, temperature, strain and vibration distinction measurement technology, establishing strain relationship model for optical sensor, achieving operating state detection for composite insulator. This project proposes fiber detection theory used on cable partial discharge, researches on distributed optical fiber sensing device, solves the key problem of detecting buried cable operation condition. This project studies the ultrasonic propagation law and ultrasonic detection theory of GIS/GIL post insulator and basin-type insulator, proposes ultrasonic characteristic parameter for the overall insulation aging and local defect, establishing the multichannel phased array ultrasonic scan device, which can provide three-dimensional panoramic scan with high efficiency, solving the problem for effective and efficient defection for tiny defect in large-sized insulation. In summary, this project aims to make a breakthrough in the fiber and ultrasonic sensing key technologies, make passive intelligent sensing technology coming true and, eventually, improve the reliability of electrical equipment.

输变电设备正常运行是智能电网安全稳定的物理基础，直接影响社会和经济发展，获取输变电设备运行状态可及早发现设备安全隐患，减少电网停电事故。本项目研究获取架空线路、电缆等运行状态的分布式光纤传感关键技术，获取GIS等输变电设备运行状态的超声波传感关键技术。具体研究：基于二次频谱差分方法等信号处理技术和光纤混合复用技术，提高光纤监测效率，实现高空间分辨率和长距离监测；研究温度、应变和振动区分测量技术，建立光传感器的应变关系模型，实现复合绝缘子运行状态检测；提出电缆局部放电光纤检测原理，研发分布式光纤传感装置，解决埋地电缆运行状态检测关键问题；提出GIS/GIL盆式、支柱绝缘子超声波检测原理和传播规律，提出绝缘整体老化和局部缺陷的超声特征量，建立多通道相控高效三维全景超声扫描装置，解决大尺寸绝缘件微小缺陷有效、高效检测。最终突破光纤和超声波传感关键技术，实现无源智能传感，提高电气设备运行可靠性。

输变电设备正常运行是智能电网安全稳定的物理基础，直接影响社会和经济发展，获取输变电设备运行状态可及早发现设备安全隐患，减少电网停电事故。本项目研究获取架空线路、电缆等运行状态的分布式光纤传感关键技术，获取GIS等输变电设备运行状态的超声波传感关键技术。具体研究：基于二次频谱差分方法等信号处理技术和光纤混合复用技术，提高光纤监测效率，实现光纤传感的高空间分辨率和长距离监测；研究温度、应变和振动区分测量技术，研究复合绝缘子内置光纤技术，研制10、110kV光纤复合绝缘子试样，搭建光纤复合绝缘子运行状态光纤检测系统；开展了光纤复合绝缘子覆冰荷载检测试验；提出绝缘子雨凇定位定量方法；砝码模拟伞檐雨凇，竖直拉力机的拉力模拟导线及导线覆冰的重力，研究导线和伞裙覆冰区分测量方法；搭建了基于FBG的复合绝缘子表面温升传感系统，检测退运复合绝缘子的温升位置及变化情况；光纤监测10 kV复合绝缘子非耐酸芯棒脆断，得出复合绝缘子脆断过程中早期预警阈值。研究了光纤传感局部放电声波信号机理，利用弹光效应实现局部放电信号“声-光-电”检测与转换；搭建了局部放电光纤声学检测系统，利用小波包分析提取声学传感信号有效信息。研究GIS/GIL盆式、支柱绝缘子超声波检测原理和传播规律，揭示了GIS/GIL绝缘子缺陷、应力与超声特征参量间的关联性，提出了适用于不同类型绝缘子缺陷、应力的超声无损检测方法，解决大尺寸绝缘件缺陷有效、高效检测。基于本项目研究成果，光纤和超声波传感关键技术得到提升，实现了输变电设备中的无源智能传感，提高了输变电设备运行可靠性。