悬铃木表皮毛发育分子遗传基础研究及无毛种质的创造

Trichomes play important roles during the growth and development of plant and much attention has been paid to the molecular regulation mechanisms of their development. London plane tree (Platanus acerifolia Willd.) has been widely used in urban landscaping for their ideal characteristic as street tree, and won the reputation of "king of the trees". However, the crown hair and trichomes of the species cause serious problems for human health. In order to solve the trichome problem of the species, the key genes that related to trichome development from London plane tree will be cloned, overexpression vectors of CPC/TRY、GL1/MYB82 genes, interference vectors of GL3、GL2、TTG1 genes from London plane tree will be constructed and transformed into the London plane tree and Arabidopsis thaliala. Meanwhile, the homologous genes of the Arabidopsis will be cloned and sets of the vectors will be constructed and the London plane tree will be transformed. Based upon the analysis of the spatiotemporal expression patterns and genes interaction, the biological function and regulatory networks of the related genes during the process of trichome development will be identified. The implementation of the project is expected to exploring the molecular mechanisms of trichome development in London plane tree, the similarities and differences of trichome development between London plane tree and Arabidopsis thaliala will be confirmed. The results will add new evidences and contents for molecular regulation mechanism of plant trichome development. On the other hand, by means of the homologous and heterologous expression of the genes, the new glabrous germplasm of P. acerifolia might be obtained, which would significantly improve the application value of this tree.

植物表皮毛在其生长发育过程中具有重要的作用，表皮毛发育调控的分子机理也为人们所重视。悬铃木因其独有的特性被广泛应用于城市绿化，但其“落果、飞毛”问题严重影响了人们的身体健康。本项目针对悬铃木“飞毛”的问题，拟克隆悬铃木表皮毛发育相关基因，构建CPC/TRY、GL1/MYB82基因的超量表达载体，GL3、GL2、TTG1基因的干涉载体，分别转化悬铃木和拟南芥；同时克隆拟南芥同源基因并构建相应载体，转化悬铃木；通过对基因时空表达模式及调控网络等进行分析，明确这些基因在悬铃木表皮毛发育过程中的生物学功能及其调控机制。项目的实施将从理论上对悬铃木表皮毛发育的分子调控机理进行探索，明确悬铃木与拟南芥表皮毛发育调控的异同，为植物表皮毛发育的分子调控机理增添新的证据和内容；这些基因在悬铃木中的同源及异源表达，可望获得无毛转基因植株，从根本上解决悬铃木的“飞毛”问题。

悬铃木作为重要的园林绿化树种，飞毛问题严重影响了其应用价值，为解决这一问题，项目组对悬铃木表皮毛生长发育调控进行了研究。本项目主要克隆了悬铃木PaTRY/PaCPC、PaMYB82以及PaGL1基因，并通过基因的表达模式分析、基因功能验证、酵母双杂交以及转基因植株相关基因表达量变化分析等实验对PaTRY/PaCPC、PaMYB82以及PaGL1进行了较为系统的研究。实验结果表明这些基因能够调控表皮毛的生长发育，并且与拟南芥中相关基因的调控方式相似。与以往研究的模式植物表皮毛类型不同，悬铃木表皮毛具有其独特性，因此通过本项研究可以丰富表皮毛研究内容；同时，为培育无毛悬铃木提供理论依据，以期从根本上解决悬铃木的落果飞毛问题，实现其更广泛的应用价值。