考虑建筑需求的黏滞阻尼器开敞式布置机构力学性能与减震机理研究

The damping effect of energy dissipation system with viscous dampers is closely associated with their installation configurations in the structure. The damping requirement and simple convenient connection are mainly concerned in the existing viscous damper installation configurations, but not considering the architectural requirements. The typical installation configurations occupy the entire bays in frames to which they are installed, affecting the artistic and serviceability of the buildings. Considering the architectural requirements of the damping structure, a novel viscous damper installation configuration is developed and its dynamic characteristics and damping mechanism are investigated. Dynamic theoretical analysis on the open viscous damper installation configuration is carried out, and the calculation methods of the displacement magnification factor and additional damping ratio for the configuration are suggested. Dynamic loading test on a plane steel frame installed with open configuration is performed, and also a shaking table test on a three-story damping structure. Numerical analysis on the seismic response of the damping structure installed with open configuration is also carried out. Damping mechanism of the structure is analyzed and the seismic design method is presented. The methodology of using combined damper installation configurations is investigated, and dynamic optimization of a damping structure installed with combined configurations is carried out. The new open viscous damper installation configuration can make up the shortage of the existing configurations, expanding the application scope of the viscous damper in the buildings, and also promoting the development of refine analysis of the calculation for the damper installation configurations.

黏滞阻尼器耗能减震结构的减震效果与阻尼器在结构中的安装方式密切相关，已有黏滞阻尼器布置机构主要考虑结构减震需求和安装连接简单方便，而未考虑建筑需求，机构占用了结构框格内很大空间，从而影响建筑美观、使用功能等。本项目考虑减震结构的建筑需求，研发一种新型黏滞阻尼器开敞式布置机构，并研究其基本力学性能和减震机理。对阻尼器开敞式布置机构进行动力学理论分析，建立其位移放大系数和附加阻尼比的计算方法；对设置阻尼器开敞式布置机构的平面钢框架进行动力加载试验，对三层钢框架减震结构进行振动台试验；对设置阻尼器开敞式布置机构的减震结构进行地震响应数值分析，分析减震机理，建立设计方法；提出阻尼器布置机构混合应用方法，对采用混合布置机构的减震结构进行动力优化。本项目提出的新型阻尼器开敞式布置机构可以弥补现有阻尼器布置机构的不足，扩大黏滞阻尼器在建筑结构中的应用范围，并可以推动阻尼器布置机构的计算分析向精细化发展。

针对常见黏滞阻尼器布置机构占用结构框格内很大空间、影响建筑美观、使用功能的问题，本项目考虑减震结构的建筑需求，研发了一种新型黏滞阻尼器开敞式布置机构。分析了黏滞阻尼器开敞式布置机构的构成、布置形式与工作机理，推导了结构发生剪切变形时的阻尼器布置机构位移放大系数、附加阻尼比的计算公式。针对多高层结构，推导了结构发生弯剪切变形时的阻尼器布置机构位移放大系数计算公式。进行了设置黏滞阻尼器开敞式布置机构的平面钢框架的动力加载试验，根据试验结果验证了开敞式布置机构位移放大系数计算方法的准确性。对采用黏滞阻尼器开敞式布置机构的三层钢框架减震结构进行了振动台试验，根据试验结果分析了黏滞阻尼器开敞式布置机构的力学行为和结构的减震性能，进一步验证了阻尼器布置机构减震参数计算方法的准确性。对设置黏滞阻尼器开敞式布置机构的减震结构进行了多遇地震作用下的弹性时程分析和罕遇地震作用下的弹塑性时程分析。根据试验和数值模拟结果，分析了开敞式布置机构的减震机理，得到了开敞式布置机构相关参数对减震效果的影响规律。研发了一种黏滞阻尼器高效剪刀撑布置机构，并对其力学性能进行了分析，推导了机构的减震参数计算公式。基于遗传算法，提出了阻尼器布置机构混合布设位置及数量的多目标的优化方法，对同时采用开敞式布置机构和高效剪刀撑布置机构的减震结构数值模型进行了动力时程分析，并用该方法进行了动力优化；分析对比了采用开敞式布置机构的减震结构和采用阻尼器混合布置机构的减震结构的地震反应的差异。提出的黏滞阻尼器布置机构混合布设方法具有可行性。本项目提出的黏滞阻尼器开敞式布置机构可以弥补现有阻尼器布置机构的不足，建立的设置阻尼器开敞式布置机构的减震结构设计方法可以应用于实际工程，从而扩大黏滞阻尼器在建筑结构中的应用范围。