基于离子液体微萃取的甲基苯丙胺类毒品分子荧光快速检测研究

With the pressing demand for a rapid detection technology of abused drugs, the present work aims to develop a new means of rapidly judging methamphetamine-type drugs in human urine, through the ionic liquids-microextraction to firstly achieve the efficient concentration of drugs molecules from human urine, followed by the strong fluorescence behavior between methamphetamine-type drug molecules and probe molecules. Three parts are included in this work as follows: 1) by means of density functional theory and experimental methods, to calculate the interactions between ionic liquids and methamphetamine-type drug molecules in the human urine, and also to study the extraction efficiency of different ionic liquids towards the drug molecules, with the aim of acquiring the most efficient ionic liquid-microextraction systems; 2) through the combined method of theoretical modeling and experimental technology, to systematically study the fluorescence behavior between drug molecules and probe molecules in the solvent of ionic liquids and to obtain the effects of ionic liquid structure on the fluorescence behavior, thereby achieving the optimization of ionic liquid/probe molecule systems; 3) to investigate the determination limit of ionic liquid/probe molecule systems under different conditions, and to acquire the relationships between the system composition or structure and the fluorescence behavior or determination sensitivity, which will provide the theoretical basis and direction for establishing an efficient and rapid detection technology of abused drugs in the human urine.

针对建立毒品快速检测技术的紧迫需求，本项目拟采用离子液体这一高效的微萃取介质实现对尿样中甲基苯丙胺类毒品分子的高效富集，并通过毒品分子与探针分子反应产生强荧光分子这一过程，构建一种甲基苯丙胺类毒品分子快速检测方法。具体研究内容包括：1）利用密度泛函理论计算离子液体和甲基苯丙胺类分子间的相互作用，并通过实验方法研究不同离子液体对尿样中甲基苯丙胺类毒品分子的富集行为，筛选出高效的离子液体微萃取体系；2）将密度泛函理论模拟和实验方法相结合，研究离子液体中探针分子与毒品分子的荧光行为，获得离子液体结构对荧光行为的影响规律，构建最优化的离子液体/探针分子体系；3）考察不同条件下，离子液体/探针分子体系对特定毒品分子的检测限，获得不同组成、结构与发光行为、检测灵敏度之间的内在关系及规律，为下一步建立一种可以现场化、快速检测甲基苯丙胺类毒品分子的方法提供理论和实验依据。

本项目针对“基于离子液体微萃取的甲基苯丙胺类毒品分子荧光快速检测研究”开展研究工作，主要研究成果如下：.（1）建立了一种基于离子液体的液相分散微萃取，结合高效液相色谱，检测尿液中甲基苯丙胺的方法。以[C8MIM][PF6]为萃取剂，甲醇为分散剂，考察了不同因素对萃取效果的影响。在最优条件下，该方法具有良好的线性（R2>0.99），检出限为1.7 ng/mL（S/N=3），富集系数大于220，萃取回收率大于80%。.（2）通过将离子液体BPyNTf2和指示剂丹酰氯浸渍在滤纸条上，开发了一种快速、灵敏的现场检测尿液中甲基苯丙胺试纸。丹酰氯在离子液体环境中作为指示剂够高效快速的与甲基苯丙胺进行反应，使得试纸信号能够在紫外灯照射下可被肉眼观察到。该试纸具有较低的成本，检出限为50 ng/mL。.（3）对两种方法合成的离子液体中可能含有的杂质元素进行了分析检测，并对两种方法合成的离子液体的物理化学性质进行了系统的比较。.（4）设计和合成了一类具有的绿色荧光离子液体材料，从而建立一种新型的基于荧光变化快速检测爆炸物的方法。