基于微光伏阵列的空心板块太阳能路面结构优化与工作行为研究

According to the ideas of intelligent transportation and ecological development, a new kind of solar pavement model of hollow slab based on micro photovoltaic array is introduced to research its structure optimization and working behavior. A three-dimensional finite element model is established to analyze the mechanical behavior and working mechanism of pavement structure of hollow slab through the numerical simulation and experimental verification. Its geometry and sizes are optimized, and its design principle and method are proposed. Based on the principle of Fresnel lens, the ray tracing and experimental tests are conducted to reveal the behavior and mechanism of concentration and antiskid of surface texture on the transparent protective plate of surface layer, so as to optimize its high performance texture structure with concentration, antiskid and durability. According to the height and direction of the sun, and through the photovoltaic system simulation and multi-objective optimization, the optimal arrangement of spacing and dip angle in high efficiency power generation is put forward for the micro photovoltaic array of middle layer. Based on the principles of slab pavement interlock and photovoltaic system composition, the preparation processes of element and system for the solar pavement structure of hollow slab with micro photovoltaic array are put forward to prepare the indoor and outdoor models. The working behavior and performance mechanism of bearing capacity, pavement performance, power generation efficiency and their durability etc. are tested and analyzed. The technical economy is evaluated, and the technical standards are developed. Therefore, the key contradictions are solved between transparency and antiskid, anti-crack and power generation as well as cost and benefit etc. for the solar pavement, so as to achieve the double function goals of safe driving and high efficiency power generation. The project can provide a basic support for the applications of solar pavement.

根据智慧交通和生态发展理念，提出一种新型基于微光伏阵列的空心板块太阳能路面模型，开展其结构优化与工作行为研究。建立三维有限元模型，通过数值模拟和试验验证分析空心板块路面结构的力学行为和工作机理，优化几何形状和尺寸，提出设计原理和方法；基于菲涅尔透镜原理，采用光线追踪和试验测试揭示表层透光保护板表面纹理的聚光抗滑行为和机理，优化聚光抗滑和耐久的高性能纹理构造；依据太阳高度和方向，通过光伏系统仿真和多目标优化，提出中层微光伏阵列高效能发电的最佳排布间距和倾角；根据板块路面嵌锁和光伏系统组成原理，提出微光伏阵列空心板块太阳能路面结构单元和系统制备工艺并制作室内外模型，测试分析其承载能力、使用性能和发电效能及其耐久性等工作行为和性能机理，评价技术经济性并制定技术标准，从而解决太阳能路面透光抗滑、抗裂发电及成本效益等之间关键矛盾，以达到安全行车和高效发电的双重功能目标，为太阳能路面应用提供基础支撑。

太阳能路面为构建绿色、弹性、自洽和可持续发展的交通能源一体化系统提供了新的发展途径，符合我国当前智慧交通和双碳目标的战略决策。针对目前太阳能路面透光抗滑、抗裂发电及成本效益等之间的关键矛盾，为达到安全行车和高效发电的双重功能目标，本项目提出了新型微光伏阵列空心板块太阳能路面结构型式，并采用数值仿真和试验制备相结合的研究方法，深入开展了其结构优化与工作行为研究。应用三维有限元法建立了空心板块路面结构线弹性静力分析模型，揭示了太阳能路面结构的影响机制、力学特性和工作机理，优化了太阳能路面空心板块结构的几何形状和尺寸，提出了结构设计方法和材料性能指标；基于菲涅尔透镜原理，研制了免跟踪自聚光式光伏太阳能路面空心板块结构，解决了表层结构纹理透光与抗滑之间的矛盾，实现了聚光、抗滑和耐久的最优平衡与一体化设计；考虑不同纬度地区太阳高度、方向和辐射的周期变化，确定了高效发电且成本节约的中层微光伏阵列最佳排布组合，优化了光伏电池组的间距和倾角；根据空心板块路面结构的特点，提出了太阳能路面系统制备、封装、拼接和集成工艺，试制了太阳能路面板块及实体模型，研究了太阳能路面系统的光学、电学、承载能力、使用性能和发电效能等工作行为、性能机理及变化规律，验证了其工作效果；基于成本效益分析法，评估了太阳能路面的经济、社会和环境效益，形成了系统先进的太阳能路面技术经济评价方法。研究成果总体构建了微光伏阵列空心板块太阳能路面系统的结构、材料、制备、集成、评价等理论基础和技术依据，丰富了路面结构型式和能源采集方式，提高了道路交通运输的能源效率，为路面光伏发电提供了基础支撑，对推动交通运输的能源结构优化具有重要的科学意义和工程应用价值。