基于作物产量反应的水稻养分限量标准研究

Determining the reasonable scope of fertilizer application rate and formulating the limitation criteria of fertilization are the basis for reducing the amount of chemical fertilizers of rice. It is also the key to preventing resources waste, ensuring food security and protecting ecological environment. However, fertilization recommendation based on individual or few data cannot meet the demand of the current intensive agricultural production. Therefore, in this project, on the basis of a large dataset comprised of >5000 multi-year and -point on-farm rice data, (1) we intend to use QUEFTS (quantitative evaluation of the fertility of tropical soils) model to analyze the quantitative relationships among soil nutrients, yield response and nutrient uptake, and optimize the parameters of the nutrient uptake, yield response and agronomic efficiency for different planting types of rice, in order to establish the yield-response-based Nutrient Expert for Rice, (2) in combination with remote-sensing image data, geographical information technology and Nutrient Expert system, we intend to characterize the regional distribution of soil nutrient supply capacity and fertilizer requirements based on yield response, and (3) put forward the range of recommended fertilizer application rate, and establish the limitation criteria of fertilization for different types of rice. Finally, field experiments will be established to validate these results. This project will help to make agricultural policies for rice production and make decisions for decreasing fertilizer application, as well as can provide scientific basis and theoretical guidance for implementing efficient fertilization.

确定水稻肥料合理施用范围，制订肥料施用限量标准是实现水稻化肥科学减施的基础，是防止资源浪费、保障粮食安全和保护生态环境的关键所在。然而，应用个别或少量数据用于推荐施肥已不能满足当前集约化农业生产需求。因此，本研究拟以多年多点水稻田间试验数据库为基础（>5000），（1）应用QUEFTS模型分析土壤养分与作物产量反应及养分吸收间的量化关系，优化不同种植类型水稻养分吸收，产量反应和农学效率等特征参数，建立完善的基于产量反应的水稻养分专家系统；（2）结合遥感影像数据、地理信息技术与施肥模型，形成区域尺度上基于产量反应的土壤养分供应和需肥量分布特征；（3）提出不同种植类型水稻基于产量反应的推荐施肥范围，建立肥料施用限量标准，并进行田间验证。该研究将有助于我国水稻生产制定农业政策和科学减施决策，进行高效施肥提供科学依据和理论指导。

确定水稻肥料合理施用范围，制定肥料施用限量标准是实现水稻化肥科学减施的基础，是防止资源浪费、保障粮食安全和保护生态环境的关键所在。本研究以多年多点水稻田间试验数据库为基础（>5000），应用QUEFTS模型分析了不同种植类型水稻养分需求量，优化了水稻养分专家系统内部相对产量、产量反应和农学效率等参数，结合地理信息系统得出了区域尺度上的水稻主产区土壤养分供应和需肥量空间分布特征，并提出了不同种植类型水稻基于产量反应的推荐施肥范围。本研究丰富了水稻田间试验数据库，共计收集38896条田间试验数据，其中含有地上部氮、磷和钾养分累积量的数据分别有9051、6007和6081条。应用QUEFTS模型模拟了不同种植类型水稻最佳养分吸收，得出每生产1000 kg水稻籽粒其地上部植株N、P和K养分需求早稻分别为16.5、3.2和20.6 kg，中稻分别为17.2、3.1和20.8 kg，晚稻分别为17.1、3.6和19.9 kg，一季稻分别为14.5、3.2和14.5 kg。平均氮、磷和钾产量反应分别为2346、948和940 kg/ha，平均氮、磷、钾的农学效率分别为12.8、13.8和9.5 kg/kg。优化了不同种植类型水稻的土壤养分供应能力参数，其平均氮、磷和钾相对产量早稻分别为0.71、0.87和0.88 kg/kg，中稻分别为0.75、0.90和0.89 kg/kg，晚稻分别为0.76、0.90和0.90 kg/kg，一季稻分别为0.67、0.88和0.89 kg/kg。田间试验验证表明，与农民习惯施肥和测土施肥相比，NE处理产量分别提高了6.4%和2.5%，平均减施氮肥9.9%和6.6%，平均减施磷肥4.4%和-4.8%，分别提高氮肥回收率12.9个百分点和9.5个百分点。最后提出了基于养分专家系统的区域尺度养分推荐施用量。该研究将有助于我国水稻生产制定农业政策和科学减施决策，可为高效施肥提供科学依据和理论指导。