水面高速无人艇航行性能综合优化模型及方法

In recent years, a lot of research work have been carried out about the navigation performance and structural characteristics optimization of unmanned surface vehicle(USV), including resistance and propulsion, maneuvering, seakeeping, initial stability, self-righting performance, anti-sink ability,dynamic buoyancy. However, the above optimization problems have a lot of theoretical difficulties in application which restricted its development need to be studied and solved urgently, such as the construction of objective function, the scientific rationality of constraint condition, the reliability of optimization method and computational efficiency. Therefore, adhered to proceeding from the actual situation, taking the representativeness of USV form and lead of technology into consideration, we choose high speed trimaran and monohull as typical ship type of research，primarily studying sensitive variable search technique, reliability of optimization model and optimization method, relativity of computational efficiency and principle of layered parallel of optimization method, provide an important method to find out one relatively complete theory of surface ship performance comprehensive optimization. According to the results of optimization, double hull forms of good navigation performance are recommended which are suitable for different speed stage, providing critical theoretical support for performance comprehensive optimization of other kinds of ship, which make an important significance in areas such as shortening the period of new ship development and ship design, reducing the cost of develop and design, improving the economic benefit of ship building.

近年来，国外水面无人艇发展迅速，单体滑行艇型是其中的主要艇型。该无人艇型的性能主要包括：快速性、操纵性、耐波性、初稳性、自扶正性能、不沉性和动浮性；上述多性能综合优良的艇型及其设计技术是此类新艇型发展的瓶颈和科学难题。我们本着从实际（基础与条件）出发和又不失去船型代表性及科技示范引领性的原则，以防滑行面飞溅单体翼滑艇型为研究对象，开展敏感设计变量及其敏感性、多工况快速性、自扶正性能、不沉性、动浮性等性能研究，建立航行性能的综合优化设计数学模型，构造基于敏感设计变量的分层、并行和分段原则及高效可靠的新寻优方法，形成一套比较完整的水面高速无人艇型性能综合优化理论方法，根据优化结果推荐适合于不同速度段的两型航行性能综合优良的艇体线型。该方法还可以为其它类型船舶的性能综合优化提供关键理论支撑，在缩短新船研发和船舶设计周期、降低研发及设计成本和提高造船的经济效益等方面具有重要意义。

随着近年来海洋权益的争夺及海洋资源的开发被日益关注，水面无人艇因其具有机动灵活、高速性、日常营运费用低、可代替人完成高强度或危险的任务等优点，得到了广泛的应用，单体滑行艇是其中主要的艇型，多性能综合优良的艇型及其技术设计是此类新艇型发展的瓶颈和科学难题。本课题组依据资助项目计划书的研究目标、总体思路及技术路线；以防滑行面飞溅单体翼滑艇型为研究对象，开展了敏感设计变量及敏感性、多工况快速性、操纵性、耐波性、自扶正性能、不沉性、动浮性等性能研究；突破了在动浮性、自扶正性能、不沉性和多工况快速性等优化处理时的关键技术；建立了兼顾多工况快速性、操纵性、耐波性及抗倾覆性多性能的航行性能的综合优化设计数学模型，构造了基于敏感设计变量的分层、并行和分段原则及高效可靠的遗传算法、粒子群算法等多种新寻优方法，研制了相应软件系统，根据大量优化计算结果，选定了两型性能综合最优的线型，制作了自航模型，完成了典型的快速性、操纵性、耐波性、自扶正和综合航行性能的试验，检验了上述优化模型科学合理性和新优化方法的可靠性，在此基础上，进一步完善了基于敏感变量分层并行的新型水面高速无人艇航行性能综合优化数学模型及其软件，形成了一套比较完整的防滑行面飞溅单体翼滑水面高速无人艇型性能综合优化理论方法，根据优化结果推荐了适合于不同速度段的航行性能综合优良的艇体线型。申报国家发明专利21项（获得授权14项）和获得国家软件著作权7项、发表学术论文26篇；培养青年教师两名和研究生12名。.该方法为其它类型船舶的性能综合优化提供关键理论支撑，在缩短新船研发和船舶设计周期、降低研发及设计成本和提高造船的经济效益等方面具有重要意义。