动压马达边界润滑作用机理与可控成膜装配工艺技术研究

Aimed at the key technology problems of inertial instrument dynamic pressure motor problem, such as difficulty in starting, Wearing and tailing, running accuracy and service life, the research object of this project is boundary lubrication film of dynamic pressure motor gas bearing. In order to reveal the mechanism of the boundary lubrication film, we will carry out theory and simulation research to film-forming process based on boundary lubrication theory by establishing static geometry model of boundary lubrication film under long life condition. Through related theory and experimental researching in the dynamic pressure bearing dynamic effect and heat effect and surface boundary lubrication film micro contact behavior, the dynamic physical model including boundary lubricating film start-stop friction, long life running state and the wear failure will be established. Furthermore, through multi-parameter testing method and testing technology researching in the boundary lubrication film film-forming process and start-stop process, ultra-precision moving air bearing surface boundary lubrication film detection precision evaluation system and dynamic running state and running of the air floated gyro precision representation system will be established. Make provides the basis for gyro instrument intelligent, reliable optimization parameter data. These results will provide foundation for intelligent gyro instrument manufacturing, reliable optimization parameter data. Simultaneously, we will carry out experiment research on start-stop friction, torque measurement and motor performance, amend and optimize the micro geometrical and physical model, guide the boundary lubrication film coating process, and provide mature manufacturing technology and basic theoretical guidance for dynamic pressure motor engineering application.

针对惯性仪表动压马达启动困难、产生磨损及多余物，影响运行精度和使用寿命等关键技术难题，本项目以动压马达气浮轴承边界润滑膜为核心研究对象，基于边界润滑理论进行边界润滑膜成膜过程的理论与仿真研究，揭示边界润滑膜的作用机理，建立长寿命条件下的边界润滑膜几何静态模型；通过对动压轴承的动态效应和热效应、表面边界润滑膜微观接触行为等相关理论和试验研究，建立边界润滑膜启停摩擦、长寿命运行状态、与磨损失效的动态物理模型；并通过边界润滑膜成膜过程与启停过程的多参数检测方法与测试技术研究，建立超精密动压气浮轴承表面边界润滑膜精密检测评价体系以及动压气浮陀螺的运行状态和运行精度的表征体系，为陀螺仪表的智能化制造提供基础的、可靠的优化参数数据；同时进行启停摩擦、力矩测试、马达性能测试等实验研究，修正和优化微观几何与物理模型，进一步指导边界润滑膜的涂膜工艺，为动压马达工程化应用提供成熟的制造工艺与基础理论指导。

动压马达是航空航天系统惯性陀螺仪表最为核心器件，其起停寿命影响整个航空航天系统工作可靠性。为提升动压马达的起动能力，边界润滑技术被广泛应用于惯性陀螺马达领域。本项目针对现阶段动压马达边界润滑应用中存在的问题，并基于现有理论成果开展了如下研究工作：（1）基于对动压马达典型零件及边界润滑脂的检测结果，完成了边界润滑膜在马达零件基体材料上形成过程的理论与仿真研究，揭示了零件表面类金刚石膜基底上边界润滑膜的形成机理。（2）针对动压马达在工作过程中的不同运行阶段，研究了马达在起停及运行过程中的动态力矩与摩擦磨损特性，获得了马达典型零件气浮面的螺旋槽数量和深度等结构参数对动压马达轴承起停行为的影响规律，为优化动压马达动压槽结构设计及研究起停过程中的动态磨损过程提供了理论依据。（3）研究了动压马达在起停过程中的粗糙表面微观接触特性，采用有限元法分析了轴承的微观接触状态，并研究分析了动压马达在起停过程中的宏观摩擦状态、接触载荷、接触应力和瞬时摩擦热与瞬时温升。（4）针对边界润滑膜几何尺度小、检测表征困难等特点，本项目研究了边界润滑膜微纳米几何形状特性与微纳米机械物理参数的实验检测技术，形成了动压马达边界润滑膜涂膜装配过程中的检测表征体系，为后续工艺实验研究提供了有效的量化评价方法。（5）针对边界润滑膜人工制备过程中的成膜质量不可控等问题，本项目设计搭建了一台边界润滑膜涂抛装置，并基于所设计的边界润滑膜涂抛装置制定了边界润滑膜制备工艺路线与规范，进行了边界润滑膜涂膜工艺实验研究，实现了边界润滑膜制备过程的控制。（6）针对动压马达工作性能的测试实验，设计并搭建了气浮轴承起停过程的模拟试验装置，实现了轴承材料的基础摩擦性能测试试验、气体轴承起停过程的模拟测试试验及动压马达起停性能测试试验，验证了涂膜工艺效果并实现了惯性仪表实际测试实验。