多（全）氟烷基化合物在海岸带大气中的污染特征及迁移转化规律研究

Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and related compounds, which belong to poly-(per-)fluoroalkyl substances were listed in Stockholm Convention in 2009. After then, some substitutes with shorter carbon chains were introduced and released to the environment, which were receiving more attention. Neutral PFASs mainly distribute in air. They could degradate to ionic PFASs and come to the earth surface through deposition. So that, they were considered to be the indirect sources of ionic PFASs. To our knowledge, there were few studies about the occurrence, degradation and deposition of PFASs in air. In our project, we will focus on the compounds with 8 or less carbon atoms, to reveal their pollution characteristics and the influence factors in coastal region. To reevaluate the contribution of indirect and direct sources, the atmospheric degradation of new precursors, polyfluoroalkyl phosphates (PAPs), will be studied. Through the investigation of dry and wet deposition, the transportation from the air to the earth surface will be clarified. In short, this project will reveal the occurrence, transformation and transportation of PFASs in air, and provide data and evidence for the global studies of the environmental behaviors, human exposure and remediation.

多（全）氟烷基化合物（PFASs）中的全氟辛基磺酸（PFOS）及其相关化合物，于2009年被列入斯德哥尔摩公约。此后，各种短链替代品开始使用并向环境中释放，使得中短链PFASs逐渐成为研究热点。大气是中性PFASs的主要载体，大气降解和沉降是离子型PFASs的间接污染源，然而目前，针对PFASs在大气中的存在、降解和沉降的研究较少。本项目拟以中短链PFASs为研究对象，揭示其在典型海岸带城市和地区的污染特征和影响因素；通过对新型前体物多氟烷基磷酸酯（PAPs）大气降解行为的研究，揭示降解率、产物分布和影响因素，重新估算直接源和间接源的贡献；利用典型地区干湿沉降的调查，探讨大气PFASs向地表迁移的过程、影响因素和通量。通过以上研究，可深入了解PFASs在大气中的迁移转化行为及其控制因素，并为全球范围内PFASs环境行为、人体暴露和污染治理研究提供科学支撑。

本项目系统调查了渤海海岸带、黄渤海海域大气水体41种新型和传统PFASs的浓度水平和组成特征，模拟推算了黄渤海大气干沉降速率和通量，估算了环渤海河流输入的贡献.重点研究了黄河和海河部分流域新型和中性PFASs的迁移转化特征，揭示了新型替代品在海岸带环境的广泛分布，探讨了新型污染物对渤海的输入的特征和影响，同时重点研究了我国11个典型城市和地区大气颗粒物中PFOA和PFOS的污染特征，并在高山森林地区以表层土壤为研究介质，推断了大气长距离传输与沉降的过程和特点。本项目以野外调查为主要手段，完善了我国北部海岸带地区PFASs多介质环境存在和行为的研究，为海岸带地区化学品管控、履行斯德哥尔摩公约提供基础数据，借助实验室和模型模拟大气沉降过程，解析PFASs在环境中的来源和归趋，垂直和水平迁移，为阐明PFASs的环境地球化学行为提供数据支撑，发现多个PFASs热点地区，揭示PFASs污染在不同环境介质和地域的独特性质，为污染治理和环境修复提供可靠借鉴。