小麦核心种质抗条锈病关联分析及新基因位点的发掘

Wheat yellow/stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis West. f. sp. tritici, is one of the important wheat diseases in the world. It is always an important fundamental work to explore the new resistance gene. In order to clear the resistance level and characteristics to stripe rust, 736 varieties including productive varieties, landrace and introduced varieties were identified by CYR32, CYR33 and CYR34; SSR molecular marker and wheat 90K SNP gene chip were used to identify the character of genetic diversity and population structure of the tested cultivars to explore the new resistance gene, predicate the cross of excellent genetic loci and obtain 5-6 crosses; the genetic characteristic of Dabaimai were analyzed. It will provide new resistance sources for wheat stripe rust, promote the rational distribution and utilization of wheat varieties, depress the occurrence of disease, and reduce the application of pesticide. Four to five articles were published and 4 to 5 graduate students were trained.

小麦条锈病是由小麦条锈菌（Puccinia striiformis West. f. sp. tritici）引起的世界性重要病害之一。发掘新的抗条锈病基因资源一直是小麦条锈病抗病育种研究的重要基础性工作。本研究利用中国条锈菌优势生理小种条中32号、条中33号和条中34号对736份国内小麦生产品种、农家品种和国外引进品种进行抗条锈性鉴定，明确供试品种对条锈菌的抗病水平及抗病性特点；采用SSR分子标记技术和小麦90K SNP基因芯片分析技术，明确供试小麦品种的遗传多样性和群体结构特点，发掘抗条锈病新基因，进行优异遗传位点累加聚合预测，配制获得5-6个优异杂交组合；解析小麦地方品种大白麦抗条锈病的遗传结构及特点。旨在为小麦抗条锈病提供新抗源，促进抗源的多样化利用及小麦抗病品种合理布局，降低病害的发生，减少农药施用。发表文章4-5篇,培养研究生4-5名。

小麦品种是防控小麦条锈病的重要屏障，由于条锈菌的快速变异导致小麦品种的抗性易丧失，因此发掘新的小麦抗病资源一直是小麦抗条锈病育种工作的重要基础性工作。本研究明确了广谱抗性基因Yr18在我国农家种中分布广泛，但是在育成品种中很少，同时我国对小麦近缘属种的利用较少，未检测到Yr5和Yr15；利用SLAF-seq技术对选取的198份小麦品种进行群体结构分析，可分为5个亚类，52份国外品种中有42份分别聚在两个亚类，分别来自美国、法国、英国等不同的国家；来自不同地区的农家品种聚集在一个亚类，育成品种分别聚在两个亚类，同一地区小麦生产品种选育过程中多数使用了相同或亲缘关系相近的材料导致小麦育成品种之间遗传关系相近，聚在一类。筛选到与抗性相关的15个SNP位点，其中有5个可能为新位点，分别为Chr1D_75273531、Chr1D_84133830、Chr4D_457361475、Chr6B_209396028和Chr6B_209396050。在抗性显著性相关位点附近挖掘到7个功能基因。在农家品种大白麦中鉴定出2个成株抗条锈病位点，分别命名为QYr.caas-1AS和QYr.caas-4B。本研究鉴定和挖掘到的抗病基因位点为进一步研究基因功能奠定基础，并为小麦抗条锈病育种提供可用材料。