兼具融冰的电气化铁路牵引直流供电拓扑及控制方法研究

Aiming at the problem of electrified railway power quality, neutral-section and ice accretion on electrified traction line, the project proposes a new DC power supply scheme for electrified railway traction with ice melting function. Firstly, a converter with ice-melting and power quality control function is presented, which transform the high-voltage AC of the public network into DC high-voltage power to supply or deicing for the railway traction network, then the traction DC voltage is converted to low-voltage DC voltage, which will be turned to AC power feeding the traction motor of the locomotive. Aiming at the new power supply scheme of electrified railway, the project focuses on the topology and multi-objective control method of traction electric energy converter with ice-melting function, and also focuses on the topology optimization, control method of DC/DC converter, and the optimization method of system parameters. Finally, the simulation will be carried out and the prototype will be created to verify the idea mentioned before. Compared with the traditional AC traction power supply mode, the new topology has the ability to melt ice on the line, which essentially eliminates the imbalance and neutral-section problems, and reduces the transmission loss of the traction power supply line at the same time, without the any need to additionally install a power quality compensation device. Therefore, it has a promising application prospect. The research results of the project will form a traction DC power supply and line melting method for electrified railways, which will establish a new way and theoretical basis for the innovative transformation of electrified railway traction power supply.

针对电气化铁路牵引供电电能质量、过分相与线路覆冰问题，项目提出一种兼具融冰的电气化铁路牵引新型直流供电方案，即：提出具有直流融冰和电能质量控制功能的电能变换器，将公网高压交流电变换为高压直流电，为铁路牵引网供电或融冰，再将牵引直流电降压，最后逆变为交流为机车牵引电机供电。针对电气化铁路新型供电方案，项目重点研究兼具融冰的电气化铁路牵引电能变换器拓扑和多目标控制方法、DC/DC变换器的拓扑优化与控制方法、系统参数优化设计方法，并通过仿真与样机开展验证。该新型拓扑相对传统交流牵引供电方式，具备线路融冰能力，从本质上消除了不平衡和过分相问题，同时可降低牵引供电线路输电损耗，无须额外装设电能质量补偿装置，应用前景可观。项目研究成果将形成电气化铁路牵引直流供电和线路融冰方法，为电气化铁路牵引供电的创新变革提供新的途径和理论依据。

电气化铁路是国民经济发展的大动脉。电气化铁路牵引供电网的不平衡、谐波、无功等电能质量问题突出，电气化铁路牵引供电网线路在冬季易发生覆冰，电气化铁路的电能质量和覆冰问题成为制约电气化铁路安全运行和发展的瓶颈。为解决上述问题，项目提出并研究兼具融冰的电气化铁路牵引新型直流供电拓扑及其控制方法，本质上综合解决电能质量、过分相和线路覆冰问题。提出了兼具融冰的低成本大容量的电能变换器复合结构，同时满足牵引直流供电和融冰的需求；提出牵引供电与直流融冰工况时牵引供电母线直流电压、电能质量的多目标控制方法，提高系统的控制精度与响应速度；提出了适合牵引直流供电的DC/DC变换器拓扑结构，研究了系统参数选择及优化方法，研制了10kVA电气化铁路牵引直流供电模拟实验样机。通过仿真和实验结果验证了项目研究成果。研究结果对牵引网直流供电研究有着重要的理论和实际应用意义。