基于硅藻的生物吸附成形研究

Bio-adsorption forming is a new machining method to do the adsorption, handling, and arrangementoperation of the micro-particles by using microorganism with biological material and structure adsorption effect. By this way, it could achieve the complex structure forming based on the function of micro-particles and nano-particles, meet the demand of theoretical calculations research and efficient manufacturing of micro-nano devices and functional devices. In this project, the diatom with the complex micro-and nano-pore structure and the surface effect has been used as a research tool. Based on the reserach of the adsorption charecteristics of the different functional particles, biological particles adsorbed tool with excellent selective adsorption and desorption characteristics is been manufactured by the way of reasonable arrangement, connection, modification constructed of the diatom. It is a great scientific and technological challenge to the functional particles controllable and efficient arrangement forming by direct adsorption or external forces assisted adsorption. The goal of this project is initially established bio-adsorption forming process and theoretical system. By improving feature detection and characterization mathod the different physical and chemical properties of the diatoms, functionalized particles and functional devices, a new research platform will be built. The bio-absorption forming technology meeting the the theme of energy saving and environmental protection in manufacturing the functional materials and micro devices is an inovation from the basis of manufacturing technology, which has a broad prospect in microfluid, micro-optics and electromagnetism.

生物吸附成形，是利用生物材质、结构吸附效应，进行微纳颗粒的吸附、搬运、排布操作，实现基于功能微纳颗粒的复杂结构成形，满足理论计算研究和微纳器件、功能材料高效制造的需求的新加工手段。本项目以具有复杂微纳孔隙结构和表面效应的硅藻为研究工具，在揭示其对不同功能微粒的吸附特性的基础上，通过合理排布、连接、改性等方式构造出具有优异选择吸附特性的生物型微粒吸附工具，挑战功能微粒的可控高效吸附成形的科学技术难题。目标是初步建立生物吸附成形的工艺及理论体系；完善硅藻、功能化微粒、功能器件等不同物理化学属性、功能特性的检测、表征手段并构建新的研究平台；生物吸附成形出符合节能环保主题的功能材料和微器件是制造方法上的基础创新，在微流体、微光学、电磁学等方面有重要的应用前景。

生物吸附成形，是利用生物材质、结构吸附效应，进行微纳颗粒的吸附、搬运、排布操作，实现基于功能微粒的复杂结构成形，满足理论计算研究和微纳器件、功能材料高效制造的需求的新加工手段。本项目以硅藻为研究工具，成功获得了尺度分布稳定，培养条件简单的3种天然硅藻藻种和1种壳体保持完整，便于筛选的天然硅藻土。研究了硅藻的表面电荷、表面基团，证实硅藻壳微粒显负电，表面羟基基团丰富。采用AEPTS、PA酸、脱模剂等处理可以实现硅藻的改性，分别表面接枝氨基、电荷变为正电、微粒表面张力增加变为疏水材料。进一步，为利用硅藻实现可控功能单元的吸附成形，研究了硅藻壳体的固定朝向阵列、大面积密排方法；借助表面张力、气泡的扰动，成功实现硅藻壳在水面的定向翻转；利用空气-水界面自组装的方式，成功实现分米级硅藻密排结构的制造；借助PDMS溶胀的作用，实现壳体结构由密排转阵列，为批量成形奠定技术基础。课题组结合实际需求，测试并表征了硅藻吸附成形结构在分子检测、光电转换、表面拉曼增强等方向的功效。实验结果显示：基于硅藻的图形化结构，可以高效选择吸附蛋白质分子探针、农药分子、核酸分子，极大增强信号强度，提升检测灵敏度；基于硅藻吸附成形的纳米铁-硅藻、NiFe合金-硅藻、TiO2-硅藻等复合微粒，具有优异的电磁效能，将其顺排成形功能贴片或功能膜后，电磁吸波/光电转换效能超出现有的功能产品10%以上。基于硅藻纳米孔辅助成形的梅花形纳米金阵列和密排硅藻吸附纳米微粒构造的“粗糙金基底”可以增强分子的拉曼检测信号强度，具有拉曼增强效应。本研究成果证实生物吸附成形方法是在符合节能环保主题的功能材料和微器件的制造方法上的基础创新，在微流体、电磁学等方面有重要的应用前景。