决策过程中的自己-他人差异

Making decisions for others is not only a universal phenomenon in real world, but also an important issue defined as the principle-agency problem in economics. Economists believe that the roots of principle-agency problem are different benefits of the two parties, information asymmetry and incompletness of the contracts. However, this project reconstructs the self-other decision-making differences from the psychological perspective. We propose that the self-other decision-making differences are not only caused by the economic factors, but also the psychological factors such as construal level, queries, and goals. Taking the domain of decision-making into account, we will analyze the self-other decision-making differences based on the process of decision-making, including social intension, information processing and outcome evaluation, which are relevantly before, during and after decision-makings. We will conduct the studies through questionaries, lab experiments, eye-tracking experiments, etc.. The existing decision theories are mainly based on the research results about making decisions for oneself, but the self-other differences in decision making can not be eliminated in the real world. Hence, this project will extend the existing theories by comparing the differences of decision-making for self and others. Besides, this project will provide scientific evidence to improve the quality of decision-making and to mitigate principle-agency problem.

为他人决策不仅在现实生活中普遍存在，同时也是经济学委托-代理理论长期关注的问题。经济学家认为委托-代理问题的原因在于双方的利益不同、信息不对称和契约不完整。本课题从心理学的视角重新审视自己-他人在决策过程中的差异，提出这种差异不仅取决于上述因素，也取决于个体的解释水平、质询方式、目标寻求等心理因素。本课题将基于心理学的实验方法，采用情境问卷、实验设计、眼动追踪等多种手段，从决策前的社会推断、决策中的加工过程、决策后的结果评价三个阶段，结合现实中的决策情境，系统地分析自己-他人决策差异的根源。自己-他人决策差异的存在具有必然性，不可能真正被消除。然而，现有决策领域重要的研究结论均基于为自己决策的过程，因此，本课题对于补充和完善现有决策理论具有重要意义。同时，本课题也能够为寻求"最佳决策"提供一个独特的视角，为如何提高决策质量、解决委托-代理矛盾等问题提供科学依据。

为他人决策不仅在现实生活中普遍存在,同时也是经济学委托-代理理论长期关注的问题。经济学家认为委托-代理问题的原因在于双方的利益不同、信息不对称和契约不完整。本课题从心理学的视角重新审视自己-他人在决策过程中的差异,发现这种差异不仅取决于上述因素,也取决于个体的内部心理过程和决策情景。因此，围绕自我他人决策差异，本课题提出了两个研究目标：第一、探讨决策中的心理过程，即导致自己－他人决策差异的认知、情绪等因素；第二、探讨决策情境因素对自己－他人决策差异的影响。通过实证研究，课题组发现，为他人决策时能降低不作为惯性偏差、提升对相对好选项的偏好、认为变化更可能发生，同时结果的不同分配方式也能影响自我他人决策时的风险偏好，影响决策质量。自己-他人决策差异的存在具有必然性,不可能真正被消除。 然而,现有决策领域重要的研究结论均基于为自己决策的过程,因此,本课题对于补充和完善现有决策理论具有重要意义。同时,本课题也能够为寻求“最佳决策”提供一个独特的视角,为如何提高决策质量、解决委托-代理矛盾等问题提供科学依据。