中国地区亚洲型舞毒蛾的亚种分化及适应性变异机制研究

Gypsy moth is an international quarantine pest, which cause more concern. Our previous work on DNA Barcoding in gypsy moth has shown that: the observed genetic relationships based on mtDNA revealed a close relationship between some Chinese populations and European populations. Do these cryptic special Chinese gypsy moth populations belong to a new subspecies in Lymantira dispar? Or they are early species of geographical residue? Or because that European gypsy moth was recentlyintroduced into China accidently. Is genetic material exchange happening between the Asian gypsy moth and European gypsy moth? If so how is the direction and extent of the gene penetration? Whether such gene exchange will change the flight capacity and morphological diversity of adult gypsy moth? What is the future direction of the evolution of the Asian gypsy moth? These all are mysteries to be solved.. Based on the above statement, this project will involve analysis on morphology, behavior and genetics. The morphological and flight behavior of female gypsy moth, and genetic differentiation in Asian gypsy moth from China will be studied. Hopefully, the genetic basis of morphological differentiation between subspecies or populations will be revealed. We also want to know the historical change and evolution of the Asian gypsy moth in China, and the genetic mechanism behind the cryptic populations. Thus, to know, whether the European gypsy moth has been successfully introduced into China. The project will be the first systematic research on the relationship between morphological difference and genetic structure of gypsy moth. The aim is to provide early warning on the emergence of a new subspecies of gypsy moth in China or the invasion of European gypsy moth. Ultimately we will provide a theoretical basis and possible new ways to solve Sino-US trade friction by providing scientific measures on controlling the Asian gypsy moth near ports.

舞毒蛾是国际检疫性害虫，日益受到各国的关注。课题组前期研究发现：中国部分舞毒蛾种群与欧洲种群的线粒体基因亲缘关系接近，这些特殊的中国舞毒蛾种群是意味着新亚种的出现？或是早期的地理残余种？还是欧洲种群近些年无意被引入我国？亚洲型舞毒蛾与欧洲型舞毒蛾间是否有基因物质交流？若有，基因渗透的方向和程度如何？此种基因交流是否会改变成虫的飞行能力和形态多样性？这些都是待解之迷。. 鉴于此，本项目从形态学、行为学和遗传学三个层面，研究舞毒蛾成虫的形态和飞行行为多样性，系统分析亚洲型舞毒蛾在中国的遗传分化律，揭示舞毒蛾表型分化的遗传基础，明确亚洲型舞毒蛾在中国的发生历史与进化规律，阐明中国舞毒蛾特殊种群的变异机制，判定欧洲型舞毒蛾是否已成功入侵我国？项目将为我国舞毒蛾新亚种的出现或欧洲型舞毒蛾的入侵提供预警信息，最终为解决中美贸易摩擦，科学防控港口附近的亚洲型舞毒蛾提供理论依据及可能的新途径。

舞毒蛾是国际检疫性害虫，日益受到各国的关注。先前发现中国部分舞毒蛾种群与欧洲种群的线粒体基因亲缘关系接近，但是具体的遗传基础尚不清楚。本项目以国际重大检疫性害虫-舞毒蛾为研究对象，首先建立了一整套室内人工饲养繁育技术，明确了其不同生长阶段的饲养控制关键因子和因素，并重点从最影响舞毒蛾发育进度的幼虫期饲养方式上进行了深度优化；评估了温度对新孵化且无食物条件下的不同地理种群舞毒蛾幼虫存活的影响并探索了在不同饲养密度时两型舞毒蛾密度依赖效应的变化，对舞毒蛾的生物学特性有了非常细致的了解；结合了mtDNA序列和SSR分子标记技术，首次对中国的样本进行了大面积采样，同时补充了国外不同舞毒蛾亚种的样本，深入研究了舞毒蛾基因分化和进化起源之间的关系并利用形态特征进行了验证，证实了欧洲型舞毒蛾已入侵中国且中国出现了亚洲型舞毒蛾的姐妹群；利用 MaxEnt 软件预测舞毒蛾当前及未来气候条件下的全球适生区范围，为未来舞毒蛾的防疫措施的制定提供科学预警；基于氢稳定同位素技术，利用多组环境降水和舞毒蛾的稳定同位素数据，通过回归分析构建相关关系的标准曲线方程，实现了对待测舞毒蛾标本来源地的精准追踪；构建了亚洲型舞毒蛾及其近缘种的快速鉴别体系，解决了各海关口岸难以对形态相似的舞毒蛾和其近缘种快速准确鉴别的难题。本项目的研究将为科学防控港口附近的亚洲型舞毒蛾提供理论依据及可能的新途径。