深部巷道/隧道动力灾害防治和防护的支护理论与技术研究

In this project, the dynamic disasters (such as the pressure bump and rockburst) in deep roadway/tunnel will be exhaustively researched. And the research will be mainly carried on from the following aspects. First, the risk assessment, the prevention theory and supporting technology of the dynamic disaster in deep roadway/tunnel will be built, which is based on the evolution characteristics of the internal friction angle of surrounding rock and relations with the strength of brittle failure of surrounding rock. Second, with energy absorbing and dissipation mechanism as the core, the protection theory and supporting technology of the dynamic disaster in deep roadway/tunnel will be put forward. Finally, the two aspects of active prevention and passive protection of security requirements will be considered to set up the new theory and technology of scientific supporting design for prevention and protection of the dynamic disasters. The research results offered by this project would have its own significance in theory and in application no matter in evaluating, forecasting and preventing the dynamic disaster in deep roadway/tunnel in our country.

本项目针对深部巷道/隧道动力灾害（如冲击地压、岩爆），以围岩内摩擦特性演化特征及其与围岩脆性破坏强度的关系为依据，建立深部工程动力灾害风险评价与防治理论和支护技术；以吸能-耗能机制为核心，提出深部巷道/隧道动力灾害防护理论与支护技术；综合考虑主动防治和被动防护两个方面的安全需求，提出深部巷道/隧道动力灾害防治和防护的科学支护设计新理论和新技术，研究成果可有效提升深部巷道/隧道动力灾害防治和防护的理论、技术与支护装备水平，为我国深部工程建设和深部能源开发提供重要的安全保障。

本项目针对深部巷道/隧道动力灾害问题，研究了深部巷道/隧道动力灾害防治和防护的支护理论与技术。首先，通过开展兖州煤业股份有限公司济宁三号煤矿深部巷道典型围岩的物理力学试验，掌握了深部巷道层状围岩的物理力学性质；对济宁三号煤矿的现场监测与测试资料分析，研究了深井巷道钻爆法掘进过程中开挖损伤区径向及沿巷道轴向的演化特征；结合本课题组所积累的深部巷道/隧道动力灾害相关资料的分析，为研究深部巷道/隧道动力灾害防治和防护的支护理论提供了基础；基于深部巷道/隧道掘进稳定性优化分析，研究了深部巷道/隧道动力灾害防治和防护的支护技术；通过对动力灾害孕育演化过程及破坏机制的分析，提出了动力灾害防治支护与防护支护相结合的支护控制理念，建立了以预应力锚杆为主要支护结构的动力灾害防治支护体系及以吸能锚杆为主要支护结构的动力灾害防护支护体系；最后，将该防护支护体系应用于济宁三号煤矿深部巷道，并取得了良好的工程应用效果。