华南地区城市家栖鼠重要人类病毒性疾病病原体携带和分子特征的流行病学研究

Commensal rodents may serve as major reservoirs for zoonotic infectious diseases in humans. Abundance and habits of commensal rodents and arthropods are affected by urbanization, industrialization and climate changes. It is a potential impact on rodent-borne diseases. There is little epidemiological information on prevalence and molecular characteristics of viral pathogens of rodent-borne diseases from urban commensal rodents in China. Due to active economic, fast urbanization and warming climate in South China, we select four provinces of South China,Hunan, Guangdong, Fujian and Hainan as study fields. We design a prospective and fixed site study to survey the distributions of urban rodents and their dominant species. Known viral pathogens for rodent-borne diseases will be detected using a PCR screening test and unknown pathogens will be detected using a metagenomics method in specimens from rodents. We are going to develop pathogen database and bio-specimen database based on geographical information system. The evolutional and phylogenetic analyses will be conducted between pathogens from rodents and humans. We also study the effects of natural, social factors on distributions of wild rodents and characteristics of the pathogens from rodents. This study not only would help the prevention and control for rodent-borne diseases, but also improve the knowledge of the public health significance that the commensal serve as reservoirs for epidemics of human viral infectious diseases.

家栖鼠是重要的自然疫源性疾病传染源。目前我国尚无城市家栖鼠携带人类病毒性传染病病原体概况的流行病学资料，对病原体的分子特征掌握也欠缺。华南地区是我国经济最活跃的地区之一，城市化和工业化的进度很快，气候适宜鼠类动物全年活动。本项目拟在湖南、广东、福建和海南4省各选择一个中心城市作为调查点，定点对家栖鼠监测两年，定期采集标本并采用常规方法和宏基因组方法检测其携带的病毒并做分子特征和进化分析。目的是掌握华南地区城市家栖鼠的分布、优势种群以及所携带重要人类病毒性传染病病原体状况，发现潜在的可能导致人类疾病流行的未知病原体。研究不仅对于鼠源性疾病的监测、预警和预防控制有重要的实用意义，还有助于揭示当前在自然因素和社会因素发生巨大变化的情况下，家栖鼠及其所携带病原体的生态进化规律，提示家栖鼠在人类未来传染病流行中的意义。

家栖鼠是重要的自然疫源性疾病传染源。目前我国尚无城市家栖鼠携带人类病毒性传染病病原体概况的流行病学资料，对病原体的分子特征掌握也欠缺。本项目通过对广东、福建、湖南和云南省等4个省6个城市家栖鼠的监测及其所携带的病毒检测，发现①在调查地区，褐家鼠仍然是居民区室外的优势鼠种，其次是黄胸鼠，偶见黑家鼠；②城市居民区中鼩鼱的密度与鼠类接近，而且，调查发现它们也能携带多种与人感染有关的病原，且携带率较高，表明该物种也应纳入病媒监测和防控工作中；③总的来说，鼠和鼩鼱来源病毒与人畜来源病毒的特征有差异，但也有一些病毒相似性很大，尤其是一些新发人兽共患病病毒，例如E型肝炎病毒、人双埃可病毒等。提示应重视城市家鼠和鼩鼱作为人类新发传染病传染源的问题；④采用二代测序宏病毒组分析方法，初步获得了南方几个城市家栖鼠和鼩鼱血清、咽拭子和粪便样本病毒群落构成的数据库，以及不同季节、不同动物鼠种和鼩鼱所携带病毒群落的特征和差异性，为全面了解家栖鼠和鼩鼱携带病毒的本底提供了科学数据；⑤采用16SRNA高通量基因测序方法，初步获得了广州市家栖鼠粪便中菌群构成特征及携带致病菌的数据库。研究不仅对于鼠源性疾病的监测、预警和预防控制有重要的实用意义，还有助于补充当前在自然因素和社会因素发生巨大变化的情况下，家栖鼠、鼩鼱及其所携带病原体的本底信息及与人类传染病的关系。