天然赤松林生态系统对昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂种群的自调控机制

We taked Kunlunshan nature Pinus densiflora pure forests ecosystem as study object, and taked Kunyushan web-spinning sawfly-host system as model, ecology method was use to investigate the development and damage characteristics of Kunyushan web-spinning sawfly (Cephalcia kunyushanica) which is dominant leaf eating insects in P. densiflora pure forest ; Base on parsing the sub-horizontal structure, vertical structure and species composition impact to the populations of C. kunyushanica,We deeply analysis the relationship between natural forest structure forming during the natural forest succession process and the outbreak population of C. kunyushanica, clarifying the mechanism of appearing of C.a kunyushanica damage by forest structure composition regulation of P. densiflora pure forest, revealing the best P. densiflora composition structure which can regulate Kunlunshan nature P. densiflora pure forests ecosystem to against the outbreak of C. kunyushanica, then provided theoretical support for establishment of natural forest diseaseinsect disaster control paradigm. In this study, We interpreted the forest self-regulation mechanism to control plant diseases and pests, provide forest self-regulation theory and ecological control techniques, to promote the protection forest disciplines and the development of forest ecological disciplines development.

以昆嵛山天然赤松林生态系统为研究对象，以昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂－赤松系统为模板，运用生态学方法调查赤松林优势食叶害虫昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂在昆嵛山天然赤松林生态系统中发生与为害特点；在解析天然次生赤松林分水平结构、垂直结构及物种组成结构对昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂种群发生影响的基础上，深入分析天然林演替过程中自然形成的林分结构与昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂种群爆发的关系，阐明天然赤松林林分结构调控昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂发生为害的机制，揭示天然赤松林生态系统自调控昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂爆发的最佳天然赤松林分结构，为建立天然林病虫灾害调控范式提供理论支持。本研究对解释森林自调控病虫灾害的机理，产出森林自调控病虫灾害的理论和生态调控技术，推动我国森林保护学科及森林生态学科发展具有极其深远的意义。

以昆嵛山天然赤松林生态系统为研究对象，以昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂－赤松系统为模板，运用生态学方法调查赤松林优势食叶害虫昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂在昆嵛山天然赤松林生态系统中发生与为害特点。在解析天然次生赤松林分水平结构、垂直结构及物种组成结构对昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂种群发生影响的基础上，深入分析了天然林演替过程中自然形成的林分结构与昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂种群爆发的关系。阐明了天然赤松林林分结构调控昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂发生为害的机制。揭示了天然赤松林生态系统自调控昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂爆发的最佳天然赤松林分结构。其研究结论主要包括：1）相比树种多样性而言，树种组成对昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂种群的影响更为重要，赤松与其亲缘关系较近树种混交，昆虫种群稳定性较差，赤松与相邻树种形成对昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂联合易感作用，而与其他亲缘关系较远的树种混交，使害虫种群稳定性增强，进而形成联合抗性作用；2）昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂与195个林下植物物种种群总体存在极显著的正相关性，该食叶昆虫与83个林下物种分别构成的物种对均呈正联结关系，与另外112个林下物种分别构成的物种对都呈负联结关系，负联结的比例高于正联结，该昆虫与羊胡子草等11种林下植物具有极显著的正联结关系，与宽叶苔草等16种林下植物具有极显著的负联结关系；3）与昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂存在正、负联结的重要乔木树种各2种分别是赤松、黑松和拐枣、青杨。本研究对解释森林自调控病虫灾害的机理，产出森林自调控病虫灾害的理论和生态调控技术，推动我国森林保护学科及森林生态学科发展具有极其深远的意义，为建立天然林病虫灾害调控范式提供理论支持。