安全氛围理论视角下隧道工人安全感知与安全行为间的动态关系研究

The situation of high risk and accident frequency in tunnel and underground engineering is very common, which proved that the "top to down" system couldn’t adapt to the safety management of construction under complex environment, and it is important to take research on " down to top " in view of tunnel workers' safety behaviors. The inherent law of safety behavior and the formation mechanism of the safety climate in the tunnel project is still unclear. This study aims to build a three-dimension interactive model, which based on the social network , characteristic of tunnel project and employees’, by comparison of dynamic relationship of employees’ safety perception, safety behavior and safety climate with different levels of risk, and furthermore, puts forward the strategy of safety management. Specifically, it aims to: ①content and influence factors of safety perception; ②influence mechanism and inherent law of safety behavior; ③influence mechanism of safety climate and dynamic development process based on the multi-level interaction; ④differentiation analysis of controlled variables and safety management strategy. A mixed research method combining interviews, multiple case study and questionnaire-survey will be carried out. The research is expected to contribute to the knowledge of safety climate theory by introducing a paradox dimension to it. The results will inform practitioners in understanding and managing safety management strategies more effectively.

我国隧道与地下工程高风险和事故频发的现状证明了“自上而下”的体系建设远不能适应复杂环境下施工安全管理的需求，开展针对隧道工人安全行为的“自下而上”研究十分重要。已有研究尚不清楚隧道工程中工人安全行为的内在规律及安全氛围的形成机制。本研究将从安全氛围理论视角，构建基于工人个人特征、隧道项目特征和社会网络的三维交互情境，借助不同风险等级下的对比研究剖析隧道工人的安全感知、安全行为和安全氛围的动态关系，进而提出安全管理对策。具体包括：①安全感知的内容及影响因素；②安全行为的影响机理及内在规律；③安全氛围的影响机理及基于多层级交互作用的动态发展过程；④控制变量上的差异性分析及安全管理策略。研究将采用质性和量化研究相结合的混合策略：包括基于访谈的质性研究、多案例研究和问卷调研。研究结论将丰富安全氛围理论的维度及应用领域；并能辅助实践者其更有效地制定安全管理策略，从而提高地下工程安全管理绩效。

我国隧道工程项目越来越重视工人群体安全行为的研究，但已有研究对于隧道工人群体安全行为及其内在形成规律尚不清晰。本课题以隧道工人群体安全行为为研究对象，运用问卷调查、跨层次研究等方法，剖析影响隧道工人群体安全行为形成的不同层次因素，从隧道工人个体安全行为视角出发，分析其形成机理，从而寻求改善隧道工人群体行为、提升安全管理效率的途径。本文研究结果表明：隧道工人个体安全行为对群体反思和群体安全行为具有显著正向影响；群体反思对群体安全行为大体呈积极正向影响；过程反思是隧道工人个体安全行为影响群体安全行为的跨层中介变量；核心自我评价在隧道工人个体安全行为与群体反思关系间起一定的跨层调节作用。课题从理论上丰富了隧道工人群体安全行为及其内在形成规律的研究，实践上为隧道工程项目管理者制定合理的安全管理策略，有效管理群体行为，提高安全绩效提供了指导。