应用逆子结构分析方法检测机械装配动态质量的基础理论研究

Current quality inspections of mechanical assembly primarily regard the 'static' quality,such shaping-positioning precisions and size- association,etc., but with ignorance to its 'dynamic' quality. This is incomplete for the dynamic quality of a product. The prior studies of this project defined the 'dynamic quality of mechanical assembly' and explained explicitly that it has influence on product dynamic quality, but the basic theories related to its inspection are to be further investigated. This project applies the Inverse Substructuring Dynamic Analysis, which is a newly developed method of mechanical structural dynamics, to the dynamic quality inspection of mechanical assembly, and investigates on the basic theories. The research works include: For the typical common sorts of mechanical assembly couplings, work out the rules of their equivalent discretization, and set up the homologous dynamic models, based on inverse substructuring analysis; Study the effect of the parameters calculated by the inverse substructuring method, including coupling dynamic characteristics and transfer-functions of the assembly, force-transmissibility and path-contribution of every of assembly-coupling transfer-paths, etc., and therefore determine the valid quantifiable evaluation index(es) for dynamic quality inspection of mechanical assembly; Establish the basic theories of the dynamic quality inspection on the basis of invese substructuring analysis, including the related data-enhancement method. The target of this study is to provide theoretical accordings for the technical criterions of test, analysis, evaluation and dynamic assembly-fault dignosis in the dynamic quality inspection, and to establish a theoretical base for pioneering the new approach of quality inspection of mechanical assembly.

现有机械装配质量检测主要关注形位精度和尺寸协调性等"静态"质量而忽视其"动态"质量，对产品动态质量而言有失全面。本项目先期定义了"机械装配动态质量"概念，并明确其对产品动态质量具有影响作用，但与其检测相应的基础理论缺乏而有待研究。本项目应用逆子结构动态分析这一机械结构动力学新方法于机械装配动态质量检测，展开针对性基础研究。具体内容包括：针对典型常规机械装配联结，建立基于逆子结构分析的等效离散化准则与动力学模型；研究由逆子结构法计算的诸参数－装配耦合动特性、装配结构动态传递特性、装配耦合传递环节力传递率与路径贡献等的作用，确定装配动态质量检测的有效评价指标及其量化评价方法；建立"基于逆子结构分析的机械装配动态质量检测"基本理论，包括相应的数据增强技术方法。本项目旨在为建立装配动态质量检测的测试、分析、评价和动态装配故障诊断的技术规范提供理论依据，为开辟机械装配质量检测技术新途径奠定理论基础。

现有机械装配质量检测主要关注等“静态质量”(形位公差、尺寸协调性与强度等)而忽视其“动态质量”(由本项目先期定义)，对产品整体的动态质量(NVH)保证有失全面。本项目经系统的理论分析、仿真计算与实验研究，建立了一套完整的“基于逆子结构动态分析的机械装配动态质量检测与动态故障诊断”的基本理论与技术方法，分别采用装配件系统的动态传递比率矩阵的平均本征值模值和装配耦合动刚度作为机械装配动态质量的主要和辅助量化评价指标，采用路径贡献和力传递率分别作为“基于机械装配的动态故障诊断”的主要和辅助量化评价指标；在分析影响检测与诊断精度的三种主要误差因素及其作用机理的基础上给出了应对策略，并针对非线性因素探索研究了其检测技术新方法。研究结果为制定“机械装配动态质量检测与动态故障诊断”测试计算与分析评价的技术规范提供了理论依据，为开辟机械装配质量检测和产品动态质量保证提供了新的技术途径。研究成果促进了逆子结构动态分析这一机械结构动力学领域新近发展的技术理论的工程实用化进程，可广泛应用于机电产品的机械装配制造过程，具有重要的学术价值和广阔的工程应用前景。