基于超分辨成像的船用导航雷达目标检测技术

In view of the phenomenon that the most advanced large scientific installation, the Xuelong, encountered the problem that the radar cannot see clearly or even cannot see the target in the course of scientific exploration. The research on the science issue of target detection such as ice floe, reef and small vessel that seriously threaten the safety of ship navigation, is carried out in this paper. Through super-resolution imaging and target detection, effective detection and determination of sea targets with suspected threats within the coverage of ship-borne navigation radars can be realized to ensure all-day and all-weather safe navigation..Focusing on the basic theory and method of radar beam modulation modeling and detection, this project carries out research on fine modeling of radar beam space-variable nonlinear modulation. A super-resolution imaging method based on gradient generalized Gaussian constraint and the sea surface target detection method based on scattering characteristics accumulation are proposed, which break through the key problems of mathematical characterization and super-resolution solution of target edge contours, and the feature extraction and detection of time-varying non-stationary sea surface target. Then, the performance of the method is verified through simulation analysis and measured data. .The research results of this project can effectively improve the theoretical and technical level of maritime navigation radar imaging and target detection, and form equipment with independent intellectual property rights, thus breaking the passive situation that the maritime navigation radar market has been long-term monopolized by Japanese and American maritime radar giants. It has important scientific significance and application value in the field of civil navigation freight and marine scientific research.

针对我国最先进的大型科学装置“雪龙号”在科学考察过程中遇到的雷达看不清、看不见目标现象，开展浮冰、礁石和小型船只等严重威胁船舶航行安全的目标探测科学问题研究，通过超分辨成像和目标检测，在船载导航雷达覆盖范围内，实现对该类目标的有效发现和判定，从而确保船只全天时、全天候的航行安全。.本项目围绕雷达波束调制建模与探测基础理论和方法问题，开展雷达波束空变非线性调制精细建模研究，提出基于梯度广义高斯约束的超分辨成像方法和基于散射特性积累的海面目标检测方法，突破目标边缘轮廓的数学表征与超分辨求解、时变非平稳海面目标特征提取与检测等关键问题，通过仿真分析和实测数据验证方法性能。.本项目的研究成果能够有效提高船用导航雷达的成像和目标检测理论和技术水平，形成自主知识产权的装备，打破船用导航雷达市场被日美等船用雷达巨头长期垄断的被动局面，在民航货运和海上科考等领域，具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。

本项目针对船舶全天候安全航行对小型快艇、礁石和浮冰等海面小目标有效探测的应用需求，开展了基于超分辨成像的船用导航雷达小目标检测技术研究，建立了空变非均匀调制成像精准模型，突破了基于梯度广义高斯约束的海面目标成像方法和非平稳海面小目标检测等关键技术，完成了仿真和实测数据验证试验，形成了系统设计方案，为推动雷达在船只航行领域的应用提供理论基础和技术支撑。