供应商参与新产品开发中知识整合过程与实现机制研究

Supplier involvement in new product development(SINPD) is an important way to bring about product, process and service innovation through effective knowledge integration between buyer and supplier. SINPD can take the form of three configurations: white box, grey box and black box. Each configuration differs in the extent of supplier responsibility in the product development, the knowledge interaction and coupling mode involved knowledge sharing and utilization between supplier and buyer, and the specific characteristics of knowledge integration. Accordingly, there exist significant differences among key processes and implementation mechanisms of knowledge integration. The one purpose of this project is to exposit the key processes of knowledge integration in each configuration. At the beginning, the SINPD projects carried out by Chinese typically R&D-intensive manufacturers are explored to investigate internal process of SINPD. The knowledge interaction and coupling mode involved knowledge sharing and utilization are ascertained. The differences among the multi-dimensional characteristics and key processes of knowledge integration in each configuration were dissected further. Another purpose of this project is to fully specify mechanisms that realize the knowledge integration in each configuration respectively. The factors that contribute to the realization of specific knowledge integration processes were identified. Subsequently, the interaction relation and intensity between them is found. The results above are tested by a series of field research, multiple case study and large sample survey. Research findings have pivotal practice implications for buyers to effectively integrate knowledge during the SINPD process in order to contribute to new product innovation.

供应商参与新产品开发(SINPD)是通过企业与供应商间知识有效整合实现产品、工艺与服务创新的一种重要方式，呈现出白箱、灰箱和黑箱三种供应商参与形态，每种形态供应商参与的方式与承担的产品开发责任不同，双方知识共享和利用的知识交互与耦合方式及其知识整合特征表现也不同，显然，其知识整合的关键过程与实现机制也应存在明显差异。为此，采用实地调研、多案例研究和大样本问卷调查等方法，深入我国典型研发密集型制造企业实施SINPD项目的内部过程，探索三种供应商参与形态下知识交互与耦合方式，对比分析不同参与形态下知识整合多维特征的差异，探析各自的知识整合过程；针对不同供应商参与形态下知识整合的关键过程，探索促进各形态下知识整合有效实现的决定要素，并分析这些要素的作用关系与强度，以完整揭示各种供应商参与形态下知识整合的实现机制，为企业在开展SINPD过程中有效知识整合，促进新产品的创新开发提供思路与方法。

供应商参与新产品开发(SINPD)是通过企业与供应商间知识有效整合实现产品、工艺与服务创新的一种重要方式，呈现出白箱、灰箱和黑箱三种供应商参与形态，每种形态供应商参与的方式与承担的产品开发责任不同，双方知识共享和利用的知识交互与耦合方式及其知识整合特征表现也不同，显然，其知识整合的关键过程与实现机制也应存在明显差异。为此，采用实地调研、多案例研究和大样本问卷调查等方法，深入我国典型研发密集型制造企业实施SINPD项目的内部过程，探索三种供应商参与形态下知识交互与耦合方式，对比分析不同参与形态下知识整合多维特征的差异，探析各自的知识整合过程；针对不同供应商参与形态下知识整合的关键过程，探索促进各形态下知识整合有效实现的决定要素，并分析这些要素的作用关系与强度，以完整揭示各种供应商参与形态下知识整合的实现机制。研究发现，促进企业知识获取和利用、提高“知识获取→知识利用”的转换效率，是实现白箱供应商参与形态下知识整合的关键；个体层次因素（主要涉及供应商脆弱性感知、供应商学习机会感知、供应商竞合心态等关键因素）、团队层次因素（主要涉及战略契合、买方-供应商协同等关键因素）、组织间层次因素（主要涉及买方-供应商社会资本、创新伙伴关系、供应链整合能力、双元战略意图等关键因素）对实现灰箱供应商参与知识整合发挥着关键作用；黑箱供应商参与形态下，关系价值和网络资源利用影响企业对供应商有价值资源的挖掘、利用和整合。本研究为企业在开展SINPD过程中有效知识整合，促进新产品的创新开发提供思路与方法。