纤维素/聚芳砜酰胺合金纤维的多尺度微观结构研究与阻燃性调控

The alloy fiber of cellulose/aromatic polysulfonamide with flame-retardant property is being developed based on the technology of co-dissolution and solution spinning, which combines the comfortableness of cellulose and the non-poison, low-smoke and good spinnability of the intrinsic flame retardant polymers. The key scientific issue of this technology is to determine the relationship between the micro-morphology structure in multi-scale and the flame-retardant property of the alloy fibers and then control the morphology structure of the fiber by adjusting the spinning dynamics. The high-resolution elemental mapping based on coherent X-ray diffraction technology will be used to analyze the phase size and distribution of the alloy fiber. The potential options of phase morphology such as minimizing combustible component or accumulating high composition of flame retardant phase at the fiber surface would be achieved through the optimization of bi-component polymers and spinning dynamics. Overall factors concerning spinning solution design, shear tensile flow, coagulation thermodynamics and kinetics, fiber stretching and heat setting can be regulated to make the functional unity including flame-resistance, mechanical and comfort property of the fiber.

针对阻燃再生纤维素纤维的阻燃特性与力学性能、舒适性难以协调的问题，提出利用本质阻燃成纤材料无毒、低烟、可纺性好的优势，采用共溶剂溶解纺丝的方法制备高分子合金阻燃纤维。着重解决合金纤维的多尺度形态结构表征问题，特别是利用同步辐射的高空间分辨X射线显微成像技术研究合金纤维的相畴尺寸和分布，结合两相的超分子结构变化，阐明合金纤维的形态结构与阻燃特性的关系；以此为基础，研究合金纤维溶液制备、纺丝成形过程中的形态结构变化规律，通过两组分组成、分子量和纺丝动力学条件调控合金纤维的相形态和微观结构，从而调控合金纤维性能，制备以纤维素为主要组分、表面富含阻燃相且阻燃相尺寸连续贯通的合金纤维，达到纤维阻燃效果与力学性能、表面吸湿性的统一。

针对阻燃纤维的阻燃特性与力学性能、舒适性难以协调的问题，项目提出利用本质阻燃成纤材料聚芳砜酰胺与舒适性良好的纤维素，采用共溶剂溶解纺丝的方法制备高分子合金阻燃纤维。为解决合金纤维的多尺度形态结构表征问题，分别研究了激光共聚焦显微镜、SEM-EDS、拉曼Mapping成像技术等手段的表征效果，最终以激光共聚焦显微镜法为主要手段表征合金纤维的相形态。进一步，研究了合金纤维溶液制备、纺丝成形过程中的形态结构变化规律，通过两组分组成、分子量和纺丝动力学条件调控合金纤维的形态结构，结合阻燃性、吸湿性和表面润湿性说明了合金纤维的形态结构与阻燃特性的关系。在组分比相同的情况，提高纤维素/聚芳砜酰胺的溶液粘度比，并优化凝固和拉伸工艺，并制备了表面富含阻燃相、且阻燃相尺寸连续贯通的合金纤维，达到纤维阻燃效果与力学性能、表面吸湿性的统一，为阻燃合金纤维的技术开发提供支撑，为其它功能纤维的制备提供思路方法。