Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction plays an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes. It is crucial to preserve pancreatic β-cell function in preventing and treating type 2 diabetes. Our previous data showed that both high glucose and trichostatin A (TSA)pretreatment for 24h increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from isolated rat islets. The results from microarrays revealed that tryptophan hytroxylase 1(TPH1) was the most highly induced gene in high glucose- and TSA-treated islets. It has been reported that TPH1 is strongly induced in islets from pregnant mouse and plays a key role in pregnancy-induced pancreatic β-cell adaptation. In this study we will use histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, lenti-virus, pancreatic β-cell specific TPH1 transgenic and knockout rat models as tools to explore the mechanisms underlying glucose-induced TPH1 expression, and identify the exact role of THP1 gene in glucose-induced pancreatic β-cell function adaptation. This will provide new therapeutic targets for type 2 diabetes.
胰岛β细胞功能缺陷是2型糖尿病发病的重要环节,在各种生理病理状态下如何维持足够的胰岛β细胞功能是防治2型糖尿病的关键问题。本课题组前期研究发现高糖和去乙酰化酶抑制剂曲古抑菌素A(TSA)预处理24h均能显著增加大鼠胰岛β细胞分泌能力,而基因芯片结果显示高糖和TSA处理的大鼠胰岛色氨酸羟化酶1(TPH1)表达上调倍数均为最高。已有文献报道TPH1在妊娠小鼠胰岛表达显著增加,对于妊娠状态下胰岛β细胞的功能代偿起重要作用。本研究拟用各种去乙酰化酶抑制剂、慢病毒转染、胰岛β细胞特异性TPH1转基因和基因敲除大鼠模型,结合高糖灌注大鼠模型、膜片钳技术和胰岛素分泌实验,探索葡萄糖调节TPH1表达的乙酰化机制,明确TPH1在葡萄糖诱导胰岛功能代偿中的作用,最终为寻求具有胰岛β细胞保护作用的2型糖尿病治疗药物提供理论依据。
胰岛β细胞功能紊乱在2型糖尿病的发生发展中起核心作用,在各种生理病理状态下如何维持足够的β细胞功能是防治2型糖尿病的关键问题。近年来研究证据表明,蛋白乙酰化在细胞代谢和能量调节中发挥重要作用。然而,蛋白乙酰化在胰岛β细胞中的作用仍不清楚。本研究为阐明乙酰化调节胰岛β细胞功能的作用及相关分子机制,以去乙酰化酶抑制剂处理的胰岛基因芯片表达谱为切入点,筛选乙酰化影响胰岛素分泌的特定代谢通路和特异基因表达。广谱去乙酰化酶抑制剂TSA显著增强大鼠胰岛的胰岛素分泌,基因芯片表达谱筛选出Tph1是TSA和葡萄糖增强胰岛功能的关键基因。TSA和丁酸钠离体和在体促进胰岛Tph1的表达和血清素的合成, 而β细胞特异性Tph1过表达大鼠的胰岛功能增强,β细胞特异性Tph1敲除小鼠的胰岛功能受损,HDAC1抑制剂促进胰岛Tph1的表达和胰岛素分泌,HDAC1和cAMP/PKA信号协同调节Tph1的表达,β细胞PKA催化亚基(Prkaca)的乙酰化水平受HDAC1的调节。以上研究结果说明Tph1确实在葡萄糖和乙酰化诱导的胰岛功能代偿中发挥重要作用。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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