光照对皱纹盘鲍行为与生理的影响机制研究

This project chose Haliotis discus hannai Ino as the research object, examined the effects of light quality, intensity and cycle on the movement and feeding behavior of H. d. hannai and its physiological response mechanism. The phototaxis of abalone for light quality and its characteristics of movement and feeding behavior under different light qualities and in dark setting was compared; the oxygen consumption rate, ammonia excretion rate, antioxidant enzyme activity of abalone and the difference of immune-related gene expression were studied under different light qualities and intensities to preliminarily clarify the physiological response mechanism of abalone for different lights; the effects of light quality on the energy budget, digestive enzymes, energy metabolism enzyme activity and tissue components of abalone were examined and the cloning and expression analysis were made for the genes associated with opsin, food intake and growth or others, in an attempt to deepen the mechanism study on the effects of light on the differential growth or feeding of abalone by means of energetics and molecular biology; the histology and electron microscope were applied to analyze the dynamic change of structure and number of cone, rod cells and the structural characteristics of photoreceptor cells under different light conditions (light quality, intensity, cycle. The aforesaid researches were conducted to clarify the regulating mechanism of lighting on the behavior and growth of abalone based on cytology, energetics, development biology and molecular biology and provide the theoretical basis for the cognition of abalone ecology and the optimization of lighting conditions in breeding, culturing and production process.

本项目以皱纹盘鲍为研究对象，探究光质、光强、光周期对皱纹盘鲍运动和摄食行为、生长、代谢的影响及其生理应答机制。比较在不同光质以及黑暗环境下，鲍对光质的选择趋向性及其运动和摄食行为特点；研究不同光质以及光强条件下，鲍的耗氧率、排氨率、抗氧化酶活力以及免疫相关基因表达的差异，查明鲍对不同光照的生理应答机制；研究光质对鲍能量收支、消化酶、能量代谢酶活力和体组织成分的影响，同时对视蛋白、摄食、生长等相关基因进行克隆和表达性分析，以期通过能量学和分子生物学手段深化光照对鲍生长、摄食差异影响的机理研究；采用组织学和电镜观察，分析不同光照（光质、光强、光周期）条件下视锥、视杆细胞的结构与数量动态变化和光感受器结构特征。通过以上研究，以期阐明光照调控鲍行为、生长的细胞学、能量学、发育生物学和分子生物学机理，为认知鲍的生态学和繁育与养殖生产环节的光照环境优化提供理论依据。

“万物生长靠太阳”，光照（光谱、光强和光周期）是重要的环境因子，能直接或间接地影响水生生物的摄食、生长、发育、存活等，同时还对水生动物的昼夜活动节律、迁移和集群等行为产生影响。鲍是典型的昼伏夜出性生物，目前，有关种鲍促熟、稚鲍生长、幼虫孵化的光质、光强、光周期的研究报道较匮乏。因此，研究光照对皱纹盘鲍生长发育的生理调控机制，对于探究皱纹盘鲍的行为生态学、丰富并完善苗种繁育技术、提高生产效率等具有重要的理论指导意义。.项目以皱纹盘鲍为对象，研究了光照（光质、光强、光周期）对其行为、生长、生理的影响并初步阐明了光照的调控机制，为养殖生产环节的光照环境优化提供理论依据。.项目取得的重要结果有：⑴ 鲍对长波长的红、橙光有明显的选择趋向性，而在短波长的蓝、绿光等均表现出逃避行为；基于其对不同光质的选择性和运动行为学特点，选择黑暗环境或是长波长的红、橙光是比较适宜的。⑵ 鲍的眼部组织由外至内依次为视网膜色素上皮细胞层、外核层、光感受器内节、内核层、黑色素颗粒沉积层、视觉纤维层。⑶ 蓝、绿光下鲍的存活率、特定生长率、摄食量、饵料转化效率均显著低于红光和橙光处理组。红、橙光下的胃蛋白酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶活力显著高于其他光质组，但脂肪酶活力在不同光质组并没有显著性差异；选择红、橙光作为光源，对降低成本、提高单位水体产量及鲍的福利化养殖都具有重要的借鉴意义。⑷ 蓝、绿光下，幼虫孵化率、变态率均显著高于其它光质组，且随着光强的增加均有逐渐下降的趋势。选择蓝、绿光并将光强尽量控制在5-15μmol/m2/s时，对提高鲍苗孵化效率、增加单位水体产量有一定的借鉴意义。⑸ 在0L:24D组，蓝、白光下鲍的摄食量显著高于其他光周期组；红、白光下，当光周期为4L:20D和8L:16D时，鲍体的粗蛋白、灰分和脂肪含量均显著高于蓝光组。选择红光并将光周期控制在4L:20D和8L:16D时，对促进鲍的摄食和生长、维持机体健康和正常生理代谢是十分重要的。